以任務式教學法設計中級華語口語交際練習之研究

Abstract

由於語言形式和功能之間具有不對稱性，二語學習的目標為連結語言形式和非語言的交際知識，以詮釋說話者所意圖表達的特定功能意義並作出適當回應，達到更接近母語者的交際表現。本研究旨在探析現有中級華語綜合教材之口語交際練習現狀與中級學習者口語交際需求，並以任務式教學法作為理論基礎建立中級華語口語交際練習設計原則和架構。 本文從Canale和Swain（1980）的交際能力模式出發，結合Lee（2000）對於課室交際的定義，Ellis（2003）和Nunan（2004）等多位學者關於任務式教學法的理論，以及趙賢洲（1988）、蔡永強與侯穎（2010）等人對於華語教材編寫原則和練習編寫的論述，作為本研究口語交際練習編寫的理論依據。並採取調查研究法和準實驗研究法，首先透過中級華語綜合教材評析、教師訪談和學習者需求分析問卷等工具了解師生對中級口語交際練習的需求。進而在文獻探討和需求分析的基礎上建立中級華語口語交際練習之編寫原則與架構，再以「請求」功能為範例設計交際練習，以捷克中級學習者為實驗對象進行實證研究。 教學實驗結果發現：（1）實驗組後測成績呈現顯著進步，特別是交際策略的選用，以及社會距離遠、請求難度低的情境，對照組則整體呈現退步，但在起始語和輔助語兩組無明顯差異；（2）實驗組受試者對於口語交際練習的實用性和趣味性多給予高度肯定。實驗結果證明本研究所研擬之口語交際練習協助學習者逐步發展華語得體交際能力的可行性，以及後續相關研究之發展性。

Due to asymmetry of form and function in languages, the aim of second language learning should be correct interpretation and appropriate reponse to the specific functional meaning by connecting the language form and the communicative knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the current oral communicative practice in intermediate level CSL textbooks as well as oral communicative needs of intermediate CSL learners, and to try to establish principles and a framework of the intermediate oral communicative practice design by utilizing the task-based approach (TBA). This study is based on the model of communicative competence proposed by Canale and Swain (1980) and Lee (2000); the TBA theories by Ellis (2003) and Nunan (2004); and theories relevant to textbook/practice design. Need analysis of oral communicative practice includes examination of the popular intermediate textbooks, interviews of Chinese teachers, and a CSL learner questionnaire. Principles and the framework of oral communicative practice design are based on literature review and need analysis. A sample of request practice is designed for the experiment on intermediate CSL learners in the Czech Republic. Analysis result suggests that (1) as compared to the control group, the post-test scores of the treatment group are significantly better than the pre-test scores, especially in terms of the communicative strategies and the situation when the social distance is further and the request imposition is lower, but there are no significant differences about alerters and supportive moves; (2) a certain amount of the testees in the treatment group had positive feedback to the sample communicative practice, indicating the importance and potential of related research in the future.