學術研究合作行為之探討： 以中央研究院地球科學研究所為例
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2015
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學科合作如同拼圖般，需不斷地拼湊著學科領域的完整性，與連結其他學科之間相關的延伸性。在研究過程中，合作是不斷地在尋找可拼湊的區塊，如何將已知與未知的研究，透過多元的知識領域區塊做有效的串連與延伸。以落實學科研究發展的可行性，來擴大學科領域之間的研究版圖，或發掘學科本身的核心區塊，以整合學術領域之間完整的架構。如何去尋找、拼湊合作研究區塊的可能性？是須集結各類門專業知識，來擴充與探究學術研究的完整性。
研究合作不僅是極為專業的知識連結，亦是一連串跨領域研究結合的可能性。但同時交錯著各種不確定的要素、與他人之間的互動行為、環境與資源之間分配等，摻雜著各種複雜的因素，直接或間接微妙影響著整體研究合作的過程與發展。
研究人員在尋找與發展合作研究關係之際，即是一連串的行為模式。研究人員如何貫穿學術合作之間的各種可能性？以如何尋求與建立合作之管道？在合作過程中如何達成研究共識？以探討合作研究進行之際，各項行為因素之影響。
本研究為學術研究合作行為之探討，以中央研究院地球科學之研究人員為例。本研究採用半結構式訪談法，深度訪談對象為十四名研究人員，分別為特聘研究員、研究員、副研究員、助研究員，為本研究之訪談對象。主要探討的面向，以參照文獻探討為主軸，將歸納為兩部分：一、探討影響合作研究的各項因素、二、了解合作研究的各種溝通管道，以具體呈現本研究探討影響合作研究之行為面向。
合作研究的因素：(一)合作研究關係的建立、(二)影響合作研究關係發展的條件、(三)尋找適的合合作夥伴要素、(四)合作過的夥伴繼續合作的原因、(五)合作人員的多寡對研究影響的因素、(六)個人特質影響合作研究進展的要素、(七) 研究人員在意的因素、(八)研究經驗與網絡關係影響合作的要素，由八項研究的合作層面，依序歸納為二十二種影響合作研究的因素。影響因素為：1.互補性、2. 態度、3. 研究目標、4.興趣、5.人格特質、6.研究成果、7.愉快、8. 研討會交流、9.能力、10.文獻、11.朋友、同事或推薦、12.學習、13.互信、14.品質、15. 經費、16. 時間安排、17.口碑、18.安全性、19.政策、20.師生或直屬關係、21.訪問、22.網路搜尋。
合作研究的各種溝通管道：(一) 合作研究知識的認知與結合、(二)合作研究溝通模式的轉變，由兩項研究溝通的層面，依序歸納九種溝通介面的方式。溝通方式為：1.E-mail、2.當面溝通與當場特殊儀器操作學習、3.打電話、4.Skype、5.Facebook、6.LINE、7. WebEx、8.ResearchGate、9.Dropbox。
Interdisciplinary cooperation is like putting together jigsaw puzzles. It requires constant construction of the integrity of one discipline while linking it with other related disciplines. During the course of research, cooperation is a process of looking for jigsaw blocks and finding the links between the known and unknown researches in order to effectively connect and extend the multidisciplinary blocks. It extends the research scopes of different disciplines or discovers the core blocks of the disciplines through the implementation of the feasibility of the development of disciplines in order to integrate the comprehensive structure among different disciplines. How to search and put together the possible interdisciplinary cooperation blocks? We have to combine all kinds of professional knowledge to expand and explore the integrity of academic research. Research cooperation is not only a connection between professional knowledge, but also a possibility of integrating a series of interdisciplinary researches. A variety of uncertain factors, interaction with others and the allocation of environment and resources are intertwined simultaneously. All kinds of complex factors directly or indirectly affect the process and development of the overall research cooperation. The process of looking for and developing research cooperation relationship is a series of behavior patterns. How do researchers connect all kinds of possibilities between interdisciplinary cooperation? How to seek and establish the cooperation channels? How to reach consensus during the cooperation? Explore the effect of different factors in research cooperation. This study takes the researcher in the Institute of Earth Science of Academia Sinica as an example to explore the behavior of academic research cooperation. This study adopts the semi-structured interview method. In-depth interviews have been conducted with fourteen researchers, including distinguished research fellows, research fellows, associate research fellows and assistant research fellows. Based on the literature review, the interviews focused on two parts: (1) discussion of the various factors affecting the cooperative research and (2) understanding the various communication channels of research cooperation in order to specifically present the behaviors that affect the research cooperation. Factors of research cooperation: (1) the establishment of research cooperation relationship; (2) the factors affecting the development of research cooperation; (3) factors of searching for suitable cooperation partners; (4) reasons of continuing the cooperation with previous partners; (5) the effect of the number of people involved on the research process; (6) the effect of personal factors or characteristics on the development of research; (7) the factors that the researchers caring about during the cooperation; (8) the experience of research cooperation and networking relationship. Based on the eight research cooperation facets, twenty two factors affecting the research cooperation are 1. Complementarity; 2. Attitude; 3. Research target; 4. Interest; 5. Personality traits; 6. Research achievement; 7. Pleasure; 8. Seminar exchange; 9. Ability; 10. Literature; 11. Friend or Colleague or Recommendation from companion; 12. Learning; 13. Trust; 14. Research quality; 15. Budget; 16. Schedule; 17. Reputation; 18. Safety; 19. Policy; 20. Direct or Teacher-student relationship; 21. Visiting; 22. Internet search. The communication channels of research cooperation: (1) cognition and combination of the knowledge of research cooperation; (2) change in the communication pattern of research cooperation. Through the two research communication facets, nine communication interfaces are as follows: 1. e-mail; 2. face-to face communication and special instrument operation and learning; 3. phone calls; 4. Skype; 5. Facebook; 6. LINE; 7. WebEx; 8.ResearchGate; 9.Dropbox.
Interdisciplinary cooperation is like putting together jigsaw puzzles. It requires constant construction of the integrity of one discipline while linking it with other related disciplines. During the course of research, cooperation is a process of looking for jigsaw blocks and finding the links between the known and unknown researches in order to effectively connect and extend the multidisciplinary blocks. It extends the research scopes of different disciplines or discovers the core blocks of the disciplines through the implementation of the feasibility of the development of disciplines in order to integrate the comprehensive structure among different disciplines. How to search and put together the possible interdisciplinary cooperation blocks? We have to combine all kinds of professional knowledge to expand and explore the integrity of academic research. Research cooperation is not only a connection between professional knowledge, but also a possibility of integrating a series of interdisciplinary researches. A variety of uncertain factors, interaction with others and the allocation of environment and resources are intertwined simultaneously. All kinds of complex factors directly or indirectly affect the process and development of the overall research cooperation. The process of looking for and developing research cooperation relationship is a series of behavior patterns. How do researchers connect all kinds of possibilities between interdisciplinary cooperation? How to seek and establish the cooperation channels? How to reach consensus during the cooperation? Explore the effect of different factors in research cooperation. This study takes the researcher in the Institute of Earth Science of Academia Sinica as an example to explore the behavior of academic research cooperation. This study adopts the semi-structured interview method. In-depth interviews have been conducted with fourteen researchers, including distinguished research fellows, research fellows, associate research fellows and assistant research fellows. Based on the literature review, the interviews focused on two parts: (1) discussion of the various factors affecting the cooperative research and (2) understanding the various communication channels of research cooperation in order to specifically present the behaviors that affect the research cooperation. Factors of research cooperation: (1) the establishment of research cooperation relationship; (2) the factors affecting the development of research cooperation; (3) factors of searching for suitable cooperation partners; (4) reasons of continuing the cooperation with previous partners; (5) the effect of the number of people involved on the research process; (6) the effect of personal factors or characteristics on the development of research; (7) the factors that the researchers caring about during the cooperation; (8) the experience of research cooperation and networking relationship. Based on the eight research cooperation facets, twenty two factors affecting the research cooperation are 1. Complementarity; 2. Attitude; 3. Research target; 4. Interest; 5. Personality traits; 6. Research achievement; 7. Pleasure; 8. Seminar exchange; 9. Ability; 10. Literature; 11. Friend or Colleague or Recommendation from companion; 12. Learning; 13. Trust; 14. Research quality; 15. Budget; 16. Schedule; 17. Reputation; 18. Safety; 19. Policy; 20. Direct or Teacher-student relationship; 21. Visiting; 22. Internet search. The communication channels of research cooperation: (1) cognition and combination of the knowledge of research cooperation; (2) change in the communication pattern of research cooperation. Through the two research communication facets, nine communication interfaces are as follows: 1. e-mail; 2. face-to face communication and special instrument operation and learning; 3. phone calls; 4. Skype; 5. Facebook; 6. LINE; 7. WebEx; 8.ResearchGate; 9.Dropbox.
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學術研究, 學術研究合作, 學科領域, 跨領域合作, 知識螺旋, academic research, academic research cooperation, disciplines, interdisciplinary cooperation, knowledge spiral