家屬對生涯轉銜資源認識於庇護性就業者老化生涯規劃之影響

Abstract

隨著庇護性就業者年齡提升，其身體機能和障礙狀況可能隨之改變，同時，他們的父母也進入老年階段，形成「雙重老化」家庭。這樣的情況使得生涯規劃變得至關重要，過去研究發現家屬對於庇護性就業者生涯轉銜規劃較少，且經常感到焦慮。本研究以不確定性隨機變化模式為基礎，探討庇護性就業者家屬對於生涯轉銜資源的了解程度及協助庇護性就業者生涯轉銜規劃的情況，以了解庇護性就業者生涯轉銜資源對家屬協助庇護性就業者進行生涯規劃的影響，並建構家屬資源了解程度對生涯轉銜規劃的影響模式。本研究以問卷調查法進行，問卷係參考相關文獻後編制，包含「家屬對庇護性就業者生涯轉銜資源了解程度」、「家屬對庇護性就業者生涯轉銜資源規劃程度」、「家屬對於庇護性就業者生涯轉銜的不確定程度」、「家屬對於庇護性就業者生涯轉銜的焦慮程度」。邀請台北市及新北市28間庇護工場之就業者家屬填寫，回收202份有效問卷。透過SPSS 26與AMOS 23執行結構方程模式分析及驗證，得到下列研究結果：一、家屬對生涯轉銜各向度資源了解及規劃程度薄弱。二、不同家屬關係、教育程度之家屬對生涯轉銜資源了解程度有差異。三、不同家屬關係、教育程度、庇護性就業者工作內容之家屬對生涯轉銜資源規劃程度有差異。四、家屬對生涯轉銜資源的了解程度會提升其規劃程度。五、健康資源了解程度的提升會增加生涯轉銜的不確定感及焦慮感。六、社會資源規劃程度的提升會減少生涯轉銜的不確定感。文末本研究根據研究結果提出相關建議，包括：專業人員應提早協助家屬了解庇護性就業者的生涯特性及需求，並提供生涯轉銜資源；政府應建立資源宣導的管道和增加資源的可及性。未來研究建議進行介入性研究，聚焦中高齡庇護性就業者家屬，此外，可以納入家屬個人特質及經驗對庇護性就業者生涯轉銜的影響，並使用重復量數分析深入探討資源了解及規劃程度的變化。As the age of disabled employees in sheltered workshops increases, their physical function and disability conditions may change accordingly. And at the same time, their parents are also entering the elderly stage, creating a “double aging” family issue. Such a situation makes career planning of disabled employees in sheltered workshops crucially important. Previous studies have indicated that family members are less involved in career transition planning of disabled employees in sheltered workshops and often experience anxiety. This study is based on the entropy model of uncertainty and explores the understanding of career transition resources by family members of disabled employees in sheltered workshops and their involvement in assisting disabled employees with career transition planning. In order to understand the impact of family members' awareness of career transition resources for sheltered employees on their assistance in career planning and to construct a model that illustrates the impact of family members' resource awareness on career transition planning. This study employed a questionnaire survey method, and the questionnaire was developed based on relevant literature. It includes sections on "Family members' understanding of career transition resources for disabled employees", "Family members' involvement in career transition resource planning for disabled employees", "Family members' perceived uncertainty about disabled employees’ career transitions ", and "Family members' anxiety levels regarding disabled employees’ career transitions ". This study invited family members of employees from 28 sheltered workshops in Taipei City and New Taipei City to complete the questionnaire, resulting in 202 valid responses. By conducting structural equation modeling analysis and validation using SPSS 26 and AMOS 23, the following research results were obtained: 1. Family members have a weak understanding of various dimensions of career transition resources and their planning levels.2. There are differences in the level of understanding of career transition resources among family members based on their different relationships and educational backgrounds.3. There are differences in the level of involvement in career transition resource planning among family members based on their different relationships, educational backgrounds, and the nature of the disabled employee's job content in sheltered workshops. 4. The level of understanding of career transition resources among family members is positively associated with their level of involvement in career transition planning. 5. An increase in the level of understanding of health resources is associated with an increase in the perceived uncertainty and anxiety regarding career transitions. 6. An increase in the level of involvement in social resource planning is associated with a reduction in the perceived uncertainty regarding career transitions.At the end of the study, based on the research findings, several recommendations are made, including:1. Early assistance from professionals to help family members understand the career characteristics and needs of disabled employees in shelter workshops, along with the provision of career transition resources.2. The government should establish channels for resource awareness and increase the accessibility of resources for the family members of disabled employees in shelter workshops.For future research, it is suggested to conduct intervention studies, focusing on the family members of middle-aged and older f disabled employees in shelter workshops. Additionally, the study can incorporate the individual characteristics and experiences of family members in understanding the impact on the career transition of sheltered employees, and employ repeated measures analysis to delve deeper into the changes in resource awareness and planning levels.