德國包浩斯文化遺產發展之探究

Abstract

二十世紀初，包浩斯學院於德國威瑪成立。作為現代化潮流中最重要的工藝與美術學院，包浩斯試圖追求藝術與技術上的新統一，同時透過新技術與新材料，為工業社會創造了新的建築與設計語彙，並在全世界刮起一股極簡旋風。另一方面，包浩斯學院最初從威瑪發跡，歷經在德紹的壯大與柏林的凋零，在這個三個城市均留下了為數不少的文化遺產。這些與包浩斯人有關、並帶有強烈實驗性的作品，深深影響了現代社會對於工藝設計與設計教育的看法。 本研究試圖從包浩斯相關的歷史資料著手，採取歷史研究與文獻分析的途徑，分析當代在威瑪、德紹與柏林三個城市的包浩斯文化遺產發展。作為現代主義的重要代言人之一，包浩斯在威瑪與德紹的眾多建築已在1996年名列聯合國世界文化遺產。本研究從博物館學的角度切入，主要探討威瑪古典文化基金會、德紹包浩斯基金會與柏林包浩斯檔案館這三個包浩斯資產管理單位，如何透過展覽與教育計劃，以運用這些遺產作為向大眾傳達訊息的媒介。另一方面，將包浩斯的文化遺產導入觀光的行銷策略，以開拓其在文化觀光上的縫隙市場，透過觀光的經濟利益使其維護保存遺產的使命能夠存續。Bauhaus was an art academy which was established in the 20th century in Germany. Being the most important power in the modern movement, it tried to pursue the new unity between traditional art and new technique by creating the new paradigm in the architecture and industrial design. As it was first settled in Weimar and then moved to Dessau and Berlin die to the traditional and political pressure, many cultural heritages were left behind. Those experimental art works had great impact on the concept on the modern design until today. This paper aims to investigate the development of Bauhaus heritages nowadays in Germany by using the historical methods and material analysis. As some of the architectures in Weimar and Dessau were listed under the world heritages by UNESCO in 1996, Bauhaus caught the attention from public again as it were deserted in the corner for long time. By analyzing the strategy and program design by the Classic Weimar Foundation, Dessau Bauhaus Foundation and Berlin Bauhaus-archiv museum for design, this paper focus on the museum and cultural tourism issues and try to bring up a picture of how Bauhaus heritages are interpreted in Germany today.