怪趣風格插畫應用於流浪犬關懷議題之兒童圖畫書創作

Abstract

「教育」在動物保護觀念的進步中扮演重要的角色，本研究深入研究怪趣風格插畫並將怪趣風格與流浪犬議題結合於兒童圖畫書創作上。第一部分，怪趣風格插畫分析參考伊彬（2000）之風格分類方法，蒐集2004年至2015年出版，從國立台灣師範大學圖書館之兒童圖書區以及國立公共資訊圖書館之兒童學習中心所有館藏的兒童類文學圖畫書，其中具有怪趣風格者共47筆，其中國內插畫家為7筆，國外插畫家40筆。研究者以整體直觀方法分析，將這些怪趣風格插畫做風格小項分類。共得9個風格小項，包括：A「清新」、B「靈活輕盈特質」、C「幾何塊面」、D「說明性弱裝飾圖案化特質」、E「說明性強裝飾圖案化特質」、F「較細膩的光影變化」、G「樸拙僵硬造型」、H「表現性自由筆觸」、I「漫畫特質」。其中以H「表現性自由筆觸」佔25.53%為最多。第二部分，流浪犬困境案例分析，經由一位台灣之動物保護協會志工以及一位有實際救援經驗的友人，提供7個案例；加上研究者親身經歷案例，總共得到8筆流浪犬困境案例。研究者結合以上結果採用小項E的表面質感與H的自由筆觸混合風格，創作出山的另一邊兒童圖畫書，內容描述一隻走失成為流浪犬的小狗找尋主人的經過，藉由所遭遇其他流浪犬的對話，透露出流浪犬會遭遇的困難。本研究結論在怪趣風格分析上為：（1）台灣怪趣風格圖畫書的出版以進口圖畫書為大宗；（2）多元審美成長，推論台灣未來怪趣風格的接受度會繼續提升；（3）現有小項風格有多項與既有研究中「裝飾圖案化」風格或「童趣」複合，為目前怪趣風格的特色；（4）台灣怪趣風格插畫家養成困難可能肇因於市場限制。在創作心得上，分為兩個部分：（1）在怪趣特性上發現，怪趣風格應用於流浪犬等悲慘背景以及殘缺造型的角色類型時，有三個優點，一可表現此類型角色本身不甜美的特質，二可淡化視覺衝擊，三可提升插畫風格的獨特性，以上三者可增加此議題的表現強度與讀者的接受度。（2）在技法上，依照本研究所使用的怪趣風格小項E與小項H表現性自由筆觸對怪趣插畫風格圖畫書創作提出繪製經驗分享以及創作流程建議。Education is essential to improving attitude toward animal protection. This study conducted an in-depth investigation into illustrations with a wired and funny style and adopted this style to create children picture books addressing the issue of stray dogs. First, the style of wired and funny style illustrations was analyzed by referring to the categories of illustration styles proposed by Yi (2000). Children’s picture books published between 2004 and 2015 were collected from the children’s book section at National Taiwan Normal University and the Children’s Learning Center at the National Library of Public Information. Among all the collected books, 47 picture books were of the wired and funny style; seven of them were created by Taiwanese illustrators, and the remaining books were composed by foreign illustrators wired and funny style illustrations were further categorized into nine subcategories by using an intuitive approach. The subcategories were as follows: (a) freshness, (b) nimbleness, (c) use of geometrical blocks, (d) slightly illustrative decoration, (e) highly illustrative decoration, (f) delicate lighting and shading changes, (g) images with plain and stiff styles, (h) expressive free strokes, and (i) cartoon style. Category (h) was observed to be dominant, accounting for 25.53% of the illustrations. Subsequently, a case study was conducted to analyze the predicament of stray dogs. A volunteer of the Animal Protection Association of the Republic of China and a friend of the author with practical animal rescue experience provided seven cases. The author contributed one experience, bringing the total to eight cases collected. Compiling the results of analysis for all the cases and adopting the styles of subcategories e and h, the author created a children’s picture book named “The Other Side of the Mountain.” The book describes a puppy that got lost and became a stray dog, seeking its owner. Through the puppy’s conversations with other stray dogs, the predicament of stray dogs is revealed. The conclusions made from the analysis of wired and funny style in children’s literature were as follows: (a) In Taiwan, wired and funny style picture books are mostly exported books written in foreign languages. (b) Amidst the increasingly diversified aesthetic perceptions, acceptance of the wired and funnystyle is expected to grow. (c) The subcategories discussed in this study overlap with the decorative and childlike styles mentioned in previous research and represent the characteristic of the wired and funny style. (d) The preferences of the Taiwanese market may hamper the spread of the wired and funny style in Taiwan. Regarding the creative experience, two conclusions were made. First, three merits were identified in illustrations on topics considered depressing and those with wired imagery, such as illustrations of stray dogs: A wired and funny style (a) appropriately emphasizes the unpleasantness of certain situations, (b) exhibits a low visual impact, and (c) increases the uniqueness of illustrations. These merits are appropriate for highlighting the issue of stray dogs and enhanced readers’ acceptance. Second, from the technical perspective, a creation experience was detailed in this study, and subcategories e (highly illustrative decoration) and h (expressive free strokes) are recommended for creating children’s books in this style.