台北市家長對學童採取近視防治行為及其相關因素研究-健康信念模式之應用

Abstract

摘要 本研究旨應用健康信念模式探討台北市家長對學童採取近視防治行為的相關因素，採立意取樣的方式以台北市兩所國民小學低年級學童之家長為研究對象，並以自編之自填式問卷進行調查。計得有效問卷為525人，並得結論及建議如下： 一、「自覺學童近視罹患性」、「自覺學童近視嚴重性」及「自覺學童近視防治有效性」量表得分均在中上程度；「自覺學童近視防治障礙性」的得分比其低，屬中下程度。然而，「學童近視防治之行動線索」方面，外在線索部分以「曾參加社區或政府機關團體所舉辦的近視防治之相關課程」的訊息最多，而以「閱讀過近視防治內容的單張、手冊或書報雜誌」的訊息為最少；而內在線索部分，則以「對於從就醫得到近視防治行為」的訊息較少獲得。整體而言，研究對象對於學童採取近視防治的行為是偏於積極的。 二、研究對象「自覺學童近視罹患性」會因學童年級、學童近視與否、母親近視與否及家庭社經地位之不同水準而有顯著差異；研究對象「自覺學童近視防治障礙性」及「對學童近視防治之行動線索」都會因學童近視與否而有顯著差異；研究對象「對學童採取近視防治行為」則會因學童學業總成績、母親近視與否及家庭社經地位之不同水準而有顯著差異。 三、「自覺學童近視嚴重性」、「自覺學童近視防治有效性」、「接收學童近視防治行動線索」越高，而「自覺學童近視防治障礙性」越低者，越傾向對學童採取近視防治行為。另外，「對學童近視防治健康信念」、「對學童近視防治之行動線索」與「社會人口學變項」對「對學童採取近視防治行為」解釋力達21.5％。其中以「對學童近視防治之行動線索」、「自覺學童近視防治有效性」、「家庭社經地位」及「學童學業總成績平均」等四項，為主要預測因素。 依據研究發現對未來家長在照顧學童方面提出相關建議，以落實視力保健本位議題的推動。 關鍵字：健康信念模式、家長、學童近視防治行為

Abstract

The purpose of this research concerns the application of a “Health Belief Model in an investigation on the factors influencing the parents of Taipei inner city school children in adopting certain myopia preventative measures for their children.” There are 525 participants of two elementary school children in Taipei forms the basis of the sampling set and the investigation was carried out using a purposefully designed self-questionnaire that was completed by the parents. The conclusions and recommendations are as follows:

1. A large proportion of participants answered “School children’s Perceived susceptibility to myopia”, “School children’s Perceived severity to myopia” and “School children’s perceived benefits of taking action to myopia”; while relatively fewer participants answered “School children’s perceived barriers of taking action to myopia”. Additionally, The item of“ Taking preventative for school children’s myopia cue in action” that “community or government organised myopia-related classes/activities” were the participants’ most popular source of information for myopic preventative measures and the least popular was “myopia-related pamphlets, manuals, books or magazines”; a less popular source was “doctors and other medical physicians”. ; Generally speaking, the participants have taken a highly active role in. 2. Participants who answered “School children’s Perceived susceptibility to myopia” were influenced by the following factors: the child’s age, whether the child has myopia, whether the mother of the child suffers from myopia, and SES(The family’s social/economic status) are emerged obviously difference. Participants’ “School children’s perceived barriers of taking action to myopia” and “Taking preventative for school children’s myopia cue in action” and the participants’ answer to “the source of information for myopic preventative measures”. Participants’ adoption myopic preventative measures for their children were influenced by factors such as the child’s academic records, whether the mother of the child suffers from myopia, and SES. 3. Participants that: “School children’s Perceived severity to myopia”, “School children’s perceived benefits of taking action to myopia” , are highly “Taking preventative for school children’s myopia cue in action”, has encountered few “School children’s perceived barriers of taking action to myopia” , have a higher tendency to adopt myopic preventative measures for their children. Furthermore, the following factors: “Health belief in myopic prevention for school children”, “Taking preventative for school children’s myopia cue in action” and “the population change indices”; explain 21.5% of participants’ decision to adopt myopic preventative measures. Among this, are the main of predictive four factors: Taking preventative for school children’s myopia cue in action, School children’s perceived benefits of taking action to myopia, SES and the child’s academic records.

This research’s findings make relevant recommendations on parental care for future parents’ as well as suggesting feasible improvements on the area of myopia prevention.

Keywords: Health belief model, Parents, preventative measures for child myopia.