苗栗縣國中生健康行為及其相關因素之研究

Abstract

摘要 本研究目的主要在了解苗栗縣國中生之健康行為，並探討其相關之因素，以作為各項健康問題及健康促進計劃的參考。本研究採問卷調查方式，以苗栗縣九十二學年度之國中生為研究母群，經比率機率抽樣方法抽取樣本，回收問卷共669份，有效問卷為644份，有效回收率達92.1﹪。

根據本研究目的所得研究結果如下： 一、健康行為現況 研究對象的飲食習慣中，極需加以改善的有：「每天喝1--2杯牛奶，含優酪乳」、「攝取含纖維質高的食物，如全麥麵包、蕃薯、糙米飯等」、「常喝含糖飲料，如沙士、汽水、可樂、奶昔、烏龍茶等」、「常吃甜食，如蛋糕、巧克力、糖果、派等」、「有挑食的習慣」；運動行為在「除了體育課外，每星期我至少有三次，每次運動超過20分鐘，並感覺到全身流汗、心跳很快、呼吸急促」是所有運動行為中表現稍差的，顯示學生每星期能規律運動的情形普遍不佳；吸菸及飲酒行為，有較以往增加的趨勢，第一次吸菸及飲酒的年齡亦呈現下降的情形，以10-16歲的比率為最高。事故傷害預防行為中，無照騎乘機車的情況嚴重，是今後學校交通安全宣導教育的重點之一。少數的人曾有過性行為，第一次發生性行為的年齡在13-16歲之間，以16歲佔最多。在壓力調適方面，其中表現較好的依序是：「我會從事一些休閒活動，如逛街、看電視、聽音樂等」、「我能與同學、朋友維持親密和諧的人際關係」。表現較差的依序則是：「會有計劃的安排功課」、「會閱讀有關心理或健康方面的雜誌或書籍」、「會適時的去讚美自己」、「當有情緒困擾時，會尋求專家或輔導人員的協助」，另外，更值得關心的是，自殺的問題，17.9﹪的學生曾出現過自殺的意念，而他們在遭遇情緒困擾或自殺問題時，很少或從不尋求專家或輔導人員的協助。

二、本研究探討社會人口學變項及健康控握信念對健康行為的關係，年級越低、女生、父母婚姻完整、學業成績越好、家庭社經地位越高，其各項健康行為均表現的比較好。

三、本研究探討社會人口學變項及健康控握信念對健康行為的預測力，除了強勢他人控握不具有任何預測力之外，「性別」、「年級」、「學業成績」、「父母婚姻」、「家庭社經地位」均能有效預測各項健康行為。

關鍵字：國中生、健康行為、健康控握信念、飲食行為、運動行為、吸菸及飲酒行為、事故傷害預防行為、性行為、壓力調適行為Study of health behavior and probe into the relative factors of junior high school student in Miaoli city

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to realize the health behavior and to probe into the relative factors of junior high school student in MiaoLi city and for the reference of various healthy problems and the health promotion project. The group of study is based on junior high school students of 92 academic year. Sampling method was applied to collect the samples, after then, 669 questionnaires were retrieved and 644 of them were effective. The questionnaire yield was 92.1%.

According to the study, some findings are as follows: 1. health behavior Some improvements are really needed in eating habits, such as “drinking 1 ~ 2 glasses of milk (yogurt included),” “eating high cellulose food (ex: full-wheat bread, yam, unpolished rice, etc.),” “to drink sugary beverage (ex：soda、cola、shake、oolong tea) too often” and “to eat desserts(ex: cake、chocolate、candy、pie) too often”. Among exercise behaviors, “Besides physical education, I will take exercise at least three times a week, continuing for more than 20 minutes and feel sweaty、 heartbeats go fast, and breathless” performs worse. , which indicates the bad general condition in students’ taking regular exercise；the populations who "drinking and smoking" was increasing, while the age of "first drink and smoke" was declined, and the highest percentage is among students between 10~16-year-old. The situation of driving without license is serious. It should be the top priority in traffic safety guides of school. Some people in sample have sexual behavior experience. Their first experience occurred at 13~16 years old, and mostly at 16. As to pressure adjustment, express better one after another “I will do some activities, like to stroll around the streets、watch TV、listen to music,” “I can maintain well and close relationship with my classmates and friends,”, express bad one after another “I will schedule homework in a planned way,”; “I will read some books or magazines about psychology or health care,” “I will praise myself in right time” and “I will ask for assistance from expert or instructor when I have emotional problem.” Furthermore, a problem which is more worth to care is "suicide". 17.9 ﹪of students have been intent to suicide, and they rarely call expert or instructor for a help when they suffer emotional problems. 2. The study investigates the influence of demographic variables and Health Locus of Control to health behavior. People who are "younger, female, parents have well marriage, get good scores in school, family has higher social position or good economic situation" has better representation in every health behavior. 3. The study investigates the explanatory of demographic variables and Health Locus of Control to health behavior . Besides “Chance Health Locus of Control” has no explanatory, “sex,” “grade,” “score,” “parents’ marriage” and “Social Economic Status” have significant explanatory power in every health behavior.