龍崎的創生:臺南淺山惡地的政治生態發展案例

Abstract

臺灣的地方創生政策肇始於2018年，龍崎也在2019年舉辨的空山祭席捲一場文創風，2021年經歷過垃圾掩埋場事件後，通過地質公園與自然保留區的成立，似乎創造龍崎新生之始，也引起本研究的動機。回顧臺灣鄉鎮發展，各階段各有差異。早期社區發展主為國家政策規畫與宣導，地方社區則為政策實踐者，以國家政策結構的由上而下引導，地方自主性有限。然此精神在1990年代文建會的社區營造政策下產生變化，更與1990年代政治生態變換、經濟轉型、公民意識與力量逐漸抬頭有所關聯，當政策引導社區由下至上的治理萌芽，創造民間的活力與創意、培養社區的自明性與認同追求，可說是社會轉向之始；其後的社區總體營造進一步擴展地方的多元作為。其後的農村再生、地方產業特色等政策，則影響鄉鎮產業特色發揮，近年的地方創生更是集由下而上精神於一身的綜合體，有利以政治生態學切入地方治理，俾利理解適地適性的地方發展。準此臺灣社區發展變遷的歷史借鏡，本研究藉行動者網絡理論概念，剖析龍崎在地方創生引導下的行動者的能動，並在能動性與關係網絡中，探索地方的共同目標與問題意識，以及差異能動者間如何達至協調；此關係網絡的穩定性與否以及如何建構，為龍崎創生成功與否的關鍵。龍崎惡地的農村特色，透過在地農產特色與具地景自明性的文創藝術結合的地方創生、過程與未來發展，回應地方創生如何善用在地的生態與環境內涵，使成適地適性的地方創生，是本研究探究的核心。關鍵字：地方創生、社區營造、政治生態學、行動者網絡、地質公園、空山祭。Taiwan's regional revitalization policy started in 2018, and Longchi’s 2019 void mountain festival swept a culturally creative wind. After the 2021 landfill controversy, establishing a geopark and natural reserve becomes a safeguard for Longchi. It seems to be a new life for Longchi which gives reise to the motivation of this study. There are different community development policies at various stages of Taiwan. In the early days, community development was directed mainly by national policy, while local communities were passive practitioners and short of local decision-making power. The top-down policy spirit was completely changed in the 1990s when community building policy was porposd by Culture Bureau of Taiwan. The change is also related to Taiwan’s political and economic transformation and a rise of civic consciousness in the 1990s. Then the bottom-up budding of community governance was motivated. Local vitality, creativity and idneity are desired by communities. It is a tim of social turn. Subsequently, community development expands into diversified actions. Rural regeneration and local characteristics gradually create local identities. Local revitalization becomes a complex that integrates bottom-up spirits, highlights local governance, and confirms political ecology to bnefit local community.With Actor Network Theory, this study analyzes the initiative of various actors for Longchi’s development. The study brings light to understand how Longchis local community achieve coordination between various agents, and how the network stability is maintained. Longchi’s badland agricultural characteristics is a foundation for the community to response to how regional revitalization makes good use of local ecology and environment to make it a sustainable local revitalization.Keywords: regional revitalization, community building, political ecology, actor-network theory, geoparks, and Void Mountain Festival.