探討臺灣受雇勞工退休年齡延長至70歲之可行性研究

Abstract

根據中華民國2022年國家發展委員會的統計數據顯示，2070年我國65歲以上人口將佔總人口40%以上。目前《勞動基準法》規定的強制退休年齡為65歲，如果政策未做調整，屆時將有近一半的人口未從事工作，且同時申領勞工保險老年給付，不僅影響我國勞動力供給，也對勞工保險基金形成龐大壓力。 本研究旨在探討延後退休年齡政策的可行性，以便提前採取應對措施，研究採用文獻回顧分析、半結構式深入訪談，以立意抽樣方式(purposive sampling)邀請8位受訪者，包含產業代表、公部門代表、專家學者、勞工代表等四領域，再藉由公共衛生政策規範分析「政府」的視角，如若推行延長退休年齡政策，可能會面臨的挑戰與因應方法進行探討。研究結果發現，日本、韓國、美國、英國及澳洲等國已經實施了延後法定退休年齡和鼓勵延後領取退休金的措施。 受訪者普遍認同因應全球老化的趨勢，延長退休年齡議題為重要政策，仍有眾多意見需要被討論，其中「青銀共融」、「職務再設計」、「彈性化制度」等，為延長退休政策推行的關鍵「方向」，受訪者多數反對強制性的政策，以避免不僅沒辦法緩解臺灣當前困境，進而引發其他問題。故現階段仍不宜強制將法定退休年齡延後至70歲，建議可透過鼓勵的措施延後退休年齡，例如延後退休者，依原計算之給付金額逐年增給勞保年金，需比現階段實施的政策(4%)更高；或採半強制的措施，例如將勞保年金請領年領延後至70歲，未達老年年金請領年齡仍可提早請領，但須按原計算之給付金額逐年減少，65-69歲退休者，減少比例較低；60-64歲退休者減少較高比例。

According to statistics from the National Development Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 2022, by 2070, the population aged 65 and over is projected to account for more than 40% of the total population. Currently, the Labor Standards Act mandates a retirement age of 65. If no policy adjustments are made, nearly half of the population will be out of the workforce and simultaneously receiving labor insurance old-age benefits, which would not only impact the country's labor supply but also place significant pressure on the labor insurance fund. Therefore, this study aims to explore the feasibility of a delayed retirement age policy to proactively address this issue. The study employs literature review analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews, with purposive sampling to invite 8 respondents, including industry representatives, public sector representatives, experts and scholars, and labor representatives. It also analyzes the government's perspective on potential challenges and countermeasures related to implementing a delayed retirement age policy by examining public health policy regulations. The findings indicate that countries such as Japan, South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have already implemented measures to extend the statutory retirement age and encourage delaying the receipt of retirement benefits. Respondents generally agree that, in response to global aging trends, extending the retirement age is an important policy issue. However, there are many opinions that need to be discussed, including key directions for implementing extended retirement policies such as"intergenerational integration," "job redesign," and "flexible systems." Most respondents oppose mandatory policies to avoid exacerbating Taiwan’s current issues and potentially causing additional problems. Therefore, it is currently inadvisable to forcibly extend the statutory retirement age to 70. It is suggested that measures to encourage later retirement be adopted, such as increasing labor insurance annuity benefits annually for those who retire later, at a rate higher than the current 4% policy; or implementing semi-mandatory measures, such as delaying the receipt of labor insurance annuities until age 70. Early withdrawal remains possible but with a gradual reduction in benefits, with lower reduction rates for those retiring at ages 65-69 and higher reduction rates for those retiring at ages 60-64.