越南潮州人的語言選擇與文化意識－以胡志明市和朔莊市之比較

Abstract

本研究是基於在胡志明市和朔莊市兩個研究點進行的實地調查，旨在實現題為「透過語言選擇揭示潮州人在胡志明市和朔莊市的文化意識」的研究主題。該研究的主要目標是瞭解從語言選擇，潮州人社區在這兩研究地點對於語言選擇背後的動態和這個社區文化的深層面。透過結構化問卷調查和訪談資料，筆者分析並比較了胡志明市和朔莊市的不同環境以及與不同年齡層的潮州人社區之間的語言溝通情況。此外，此研究也探討這兩城市的潮州人社區在族群意識和語言表達方面的文化特徵。在對潮州話的使用態度方面，絕大多數參與訪談的潮州人對於不講說潮州話的同族人都帶著寬容的態度。此外，由於漢語能力較低並且大多數人將漢語視為一種外語，導致潮州人社區轉而使用漢語代替潮州話的可能性非常小。在保持族群語言的行動方面，潮州人對自己的文化特徵有一定的認識，但由於多元化和現代社會生活的條件，語言環境越來越少要求使用潮州話（取而代之的是越南語），所以潮州人對自己的文化特徵也有一定的反思。

This study is based on fieldwork conducted at two sites in Ho Chi Minh City and Soc Trang City, aiming to explore the research topic of “Revealing the Cultural Identity of Teochew People in Ho Chi Minh City and Soc Trang City through Language Choice”. The main objective of this study is to understand the dynamics behind language choice and the deeper aspects of the community culture of Teochew people in these two locations from the perspective of language choice.By analyzing and comparing the structured questionnaire survey and interview data, the author examines the language communication situation between the Teochew communities of different ages in Ho Chi Minh City and Soc Trang City and their different environments. Moreover, this study also investigates the cultural characteristics of the Teochew communities in these two cities in terms of ethnic identity and language expression.Regarding the attitude towards the use of Teochew dialect, most of the interviewees showed a tolerant attitude towards their fellow ethnic members who did not speak Teochew dialect. Furthermore, due to the low proficiency in Mandarin and the perception of Mandarin as a foreign language by most people, the possibility of the Teochew community switching to Mandarin instead of Teochew dialect was very low.In terms of the actions to preserve their ethnic language, Teochew people have some awareness of their own cultural characteristics, but due to the conditions of diversity and modern social life, the language environment increasingly requires less use of Teochew dialect (replaced by Vietnamese), so Teochew people also have some reflection on their own cultural characteristics.