鄒族達邦社mayasvi祭儀音樂研究

Abstract

綜觀過去各項對於mayasvi儀式音樂的研究，討論對象以特富野社居多。本論文以鄒族達邦社的mayasvi祭儀音樂為主題，一方面補充過往對達邦研究的不足，另一方面亦期待以更多元的面向，探討該儀式的運作與祭歌間的關係，並揭示音樂在mayasvi儀式行為中所扮演之重要角色。 mayasvi祭典為鄒族唯一部落性的儀式，其儀式音樂的獨特之處，在於祭歌歌詞由「古語」構成，部分祭歌亦因領唱者的不同，演唱歌詞與內容皆有所變化。本文針對達邦社mayasvi的七首祭歌進行整理與研究，在歌詞的整理部分，彙整不同領唱者的演唱內容，將歌詞中的鄒古語儘可能的完成中譯，並進行歌詞結構的分析，梳理出mayasvi祭歌的「固定歌詞」與「複合歌詞」兩大分類；音樂方面，則從特色、演唱形式、樂曲結構、音組織、和聲配置、旋律造型、聲部變化等向度進行七首祭歌的深入分析。 研究中並透過儀式音樂與鄒人社會、複音唱法與社會結構關係、演唱形式所呈現之社會階序等觀察，提出mayasvi音樂文化中的「啟、應、眾」現象，並藉以說明mayasvi儀式的生命得以歷久彌新、傳承至今的力量，係來自於鄒族自身的歷史與社會結構，所建構出的巨大內在能量。This thesis focuses on mayasvi ritual music in tapangᵾ tribe of cou(tsou) People. Previous studies of the music of cou(tsou) people have mainly focused on tfuya tribe while this thesis, on one hand, compensates with research on tapangᵾ tribe of cou(tsou) people and on the other hand, discusses specifically the use of music in the mayasvi ritual, and the relationships between the two. This study aims to provide new perspectives for examining the crucial role of music in mayasvi ritual. Mayasvi is the only cou(tsou) ritual that involves participation of people from the whole tribe. Other unique aspects of the ritual are to be found in the lyrics: first, the lyrics are constituted by “old language”; second, some of the lyrics change depending on different leading singers. This thesis examines seven pieces of mayasvi ritual song. In terms of lyrics, it categorises different leading singers’ singing content, translates cou(tsou) old language into Chinese language, and analyzes the structure of lyrics. This study further suggests that there are two types of lyrics, “fixed lyrics” and “compound lyrics.” In terms of musical analysis, it examines the musical form, character, scale texture, harmonization, melodic line, and alternating voices of seven mayasvi ritual songs. Through the analysis of the relationships between ritual music and cou(tsou) society, polyphonic singing style and social structure, this study advocates “call, respond, and join” three phenomena in mayasvi music culture. It further illustrates the transmission of inherited mayasvi ritual tradition in connection with the spirits of cou(tsou) history and social structure.