高中生使用鷹架式空氣汙染建模軟體的建模實務之研究

Abstract

本研究依據情境學習與社會建構的觀點，搭配鷹架理論，以探討高中生使用空氣汙染建模軟體所發展出的建模實務，以及可能遭遇的困難。 研究對象為北市某高中的學生，採以兩人為一組的方式進行建模活動，共12組（23人），而有效樣本為9組（18人），再依據個人概念試題的前、後測驗成績分成高分群與低分群。活動時間總計四週共16小時。資料收集方面，包括概念試題前後測、課室錄影、螢幕側錄、小組錄音與學生作品。 研究結果顯示，學生在整體的概念上有顯著性的進步，說明了提供機會讓學生參與擬真性的建模活動，可促進概念的理解。高分群在使用軟體功能的事件量上，比低分群多，但統計結果顯示，未達顯著性差異。而學生所進行的建模實務來說，分析實務方面，發現學生可提出其他軟體或課堂上所沒有探討且可能影響汙染物散佈的變因；此外，也能以直觀的方式探討模擬圖中汙染物的散佈情形。關係推理方面，則以單變因的推理為主。實驗模擬方面，學生未能以系統化的方式進行模擬。評估方面，學生並未根據模擬結果來修正模型。

This research is based on situated learning and social construction point of view, with scaffolding theory, to examine high school students’ modeling practices developed by the use of air pollution modeling software, and potential difficulties. In this study, 18 students, working in dyads, and grouping into high score group and low score group depending on their pre- and post- tests score. This modeling unit took about 16 hours per four days. Data collection, including the pre- and post- tests, classroom video, screen-side recorded, audio records and students’ product. The results show that students’ understandings about air quality were significantly improved. And High score group use software features frequently higher than low score group, but didn’t show a significantly difference between the two groups. In this study, the modeling practices students developed, inculding analysis, relationship reasoning, simulation, and evaluation. The results show that students can said more variables that might affect pollutants dispersion than ones learned from class or provided by modeling software. Besides they can interprete simulated result without any difficult. In the relationship reasoning, students often examine how the single variable affect pollutants dispersion. In the simulation，students did not manipulate variables systematically. In the last modeling practice, evaluation, student didn’t modify model according to simulated result.