東排灣語的日語借字: 優選理論分析

Abstract

本篇論文在音段層次上探討東排灣語中日文借字的改適(adaptation)，分析日語字如何借入東排灣語。本文的分析方法採用優選理論(Optimality Theory) (Prince& Smolensky,1993; McCarthy &Prince,1993)，及並存音韻理論（Co-phonology）。 本研究觀察到在輔音改適的過程中，發音方法比發音部位優先保留。此外，藉由調整制約之間的排序，解釋日語藉字中的自由變異(free variation)現象。 最後，大部分的東排灣語日語借字符合借字音韻學的假設，違反東排灣語音韻規則的音段組合會根據東排灣語音韻規則調整。This thesis investigates the phonological adjustment of Japanese loanwords in East Paiwan on the segmental level. The data collected by interviewing three native speakers of East Paiwan is analyzed by means of Optimality Theory (Prince& Smolensky,1993; McCarthy &Prince,1993) and Co-phonology (Orgun, 1996; Antilla, 1997; Inkelas & Zoll, 2007). It is observed that maintaining the manner of articulation is prior to maintaining the place of articulation in consonantal adaptation. Under the framework of Optimality Theory, a set of markedness and faithfulness constraints are employed. Besides, the adapted forms with free variation are explained by re-rankings of constraints. Finally, it is shown that segmental adaptation of Japanese loanwords in East Paiwan satisfies the Perception-Phonology Approach in that perceived segments from Japanese source are adjusted based on East Paiwan phonotactics.