創造焦點、目標時間距離對創造力表現的影響
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Date
2010-03-??
Authors
邱發忠
姚妃宴
Journal Title
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Publisher
國立臺灣師範大學教育心理學系
Department of Educational Psychology, NTNU
Department of Educational Psychology, NTNU
Abstract
過去研究大多認為創造力是穩定恆久的人格特質，但其實短暫情境的促發線索也會影響個體創造力的表現。因此，本研究以三個實驗分別探究「調整焦點動機」與「目標時間距離」促發對創造力表現的影響。實驗一、二受試者分別被要求進行攻擊、防禦作戰思考，俾分別誘發促進焦點與預防焦點動機，結果發現經此誘發後將可提升受試者在中文遠距聯想量表、頓悟性問題測驗上的表現（相對於控制組）；但促進焦點動機促發（相對於控制組）卻未降低創造力的表現。實驗三探究「調整焦點」與「目標時間距離」兩變項對創造力表現的交互作用效果。調整焦點動機的操弄方式如同實驗一、二（促進焦點以攻擊思考、預防焦點以防禦思考）；而目標時間距離則要求受試者思考近目標時間距離（明天攻擊或防禦）與遠目標時間距離（一年後攻擊或防禦）的攻擊或防禦作戰，之後，進行中文遠距聯想量表的施測。結果發現，在促進焦點動機思考促發狀況下，近目標時間距離思考組在中文遠距聯想量表表現上高於遠目標時間距離思考及中性組。在預防焦點動機思考促發下，遠目標時間距離思考組的表現高於近目標時間距離思考組、中性組。在近目標時間距離思考狀況下，促進焦點動機思考表現高於預防焦點動機思考促發組，但是，在遠目標時間距離狀況下，促進與預防焦點兩組則未呈現顯著差異。本研究顯示了促進焦點動機穩定的助益創造力表現，而且，目標時間距離變項扮演了調節調整焦點動機與創造力表現間的關係。
Creativity has commonly been thought as a personality trait, but, actually, it also could influence through transient priming clue. This study had three experiments to investigate the priming effects of "regulatory focus motivation" and "temporal distance to the goal" to the creative performance, respectively. Experiment 1 and 2 induced two kinds of focus motivation, respectively. One is promotion (by asking subjects to think offensive mission), the other is prevention (by asking subjects to think defensive mission).The results, relative to the control group, showed that promotion focus motivation priming can improve the performance on Chinese Remote Association Test (CRAT) and Test of Insight Problem (TIP). But, the prevention priming can not inhibit the performance of CRAT and TIP. Experiment 3 investigated the interactive effects of regulatory focus motivation and temporal distance to the goal. The method of inducing regulatory focus motivation is the same as experiment 1 and 2, and inducing temporal distance to the goal by asking subjects think the war mission of near temporal distance (offense or defense tomorrow) or distant temporal distance(offense or defense next year). The results showed the performance on CRAT has interaction, within the promotion focus condition the group of near temporal distance was higher than the group of distant temporal distance and control group, but, within the prevention focus condition the result was vice versa. Moreover, the performance on CRAT within the near temporal distance condition the group of promotion focus was higher than the group of prevention focus, but, within distant temporal distance condition it was no difference between the group of promotion focus and prevention focus. This study suggests promotion focus motivation facilitate stability the performance of creativity. Moreover, the temporal distance to the goal moderate the relationship between the regulatory focus motivation and the performance of creativity.
Creativity has commonly been thought as a personality trait, but, actually, it also could influence through transient priming clue. This study had three experiments to investigate the priming effects of "regulatory focus motivation" and "temporal distance to the goal" to the creative performance, respectively. Experiment 1 and 2 induced two kinds of focus motivation, respectively. One is promotion (by asking subjects to think offensive mission), the other is prevention (by asking subjects to think defensive mission).The results, relative to the control group, showed that promotion focus motivation priming can improve the performance on Chinese Remote Association Test (CRAT) and Test of Insight Problem (TIP). But, the prevention priming can not inhibit the performance of CRAT and TIP. Experiment 3 investigated the interactive effects of regulatory focus motivation and temporal distance to the goal. The method of inducing regulatory focus motivation is the same as experiment 1 and 2, and inducing temporal distance to the goal by asking subjects think the war mission of near temporal distance (offense or defense tomorrow) or distant temporal distance(offense or defense next year). The results showed the performance on CRAT has interaction, within the promotion focus condition the group of near temporal distance was higher than the group of distant temporal distance and control group, but, within the prevention focus condition the result was vice versa. Moreover, the performance on CRAT within the near temporal distance condition the group of promotion focus was higher than the group of prevention focus, but, within distant temporal distance condition it was no difference between the group of promotion focus and prevention focus. This study suggests promotion focus motivation facilitate stability the performance of creativity. Moreover, the temporal distance to the goal moderate the relationship between the regulatory focus motivation and the performance of creativity.