學齡前幼兒主要照顧者對幼兒視力防治行為及其相關因素研究 ～以新北市樹林區某公立國小附設幼兒園為例

Abstract

本研究目的在探討學齡前幼兒主要照顧者對幼兒視力防治行為及其相關因素研究。以立意取樣，選取106學年度第一學期就讀新北市樹林區某公立國小附設幼兒園學齡前幼兒主要照顧者為研究對象，共126名。以自編結構式問卷進行橫斷式研究，取得有效問卷117份，有效回收率達92.86％。本研究的重要結果如下： 一、研究對象之視力防治知識平均答對率為八成八，屬良好程度；對於近視的成因與罹患高度近視會產生的併發症認知較差。視力防治態度整體趨於正向；但覺得學習如何保護眼睛及覺得帶幼兒去檢查眼睛，都是件困難的事。視力防治行為屬良好；但在日常生活照料上缺乏戶外、動態活動的規劃，導致學齡前幼兒無法在平日或假日多到戶外活動。 二、研究對象社會人口學變項中在視力防治知識有差異的是「年齡」、「職業」、「家庭社經地位」等三項；在視力防治態度有差異的是「教育程度」、「家庭社經地位」等二項；在視力防治行為有差異的是「教育程度」、「職業」、「家庭社經地位」等三項。 三、研究對象「家庭社經地位指數」、「視力防治知識」及「視力防治態度」能有效預測視力防治行為，並可解釋其總變異量之33.5％，其中「視力防治態度」對視力防治行為的影響最大，「視力防治知識」次之，「家庭社經地位指數」再次之。

關鍵字：學齡前幼兒、主要照顧者、視力防治知識、視力防治態度、視力防治行為

The main purpose of this study was to explore vision prevention knowledge, attitude, behavior, and related factors among school children’s primary caregivers of a public kindergarten in Shulin District, New Taipei City. We purposive selected a public kindergarten and used the school children’s primary caregivers as the research subjects. A self-designed structured questionnaire was used and a total of 117 validated questionnaire was collected with 92.86 % of effective rate. Research results are summarized as follows： 1.The averaged vision prevention knowledge score was 88％,which is in the high score level. Most of the primary caregivers did not know the causes of myopia and was suffering from complications of high myopia. The primary caregivers have a vision prevention attitude but most of them find it difficult to learn how to protect their children's eyes and to bring their children for regular eyes check. The vision prevention behavior of the subjects was good. However, the lack of planning for outdoor activities in daily life led many preschool children to fail to enjoy outdoor activities on weekdays or holidays. 2.Among the variables of background in the study, there were three items related to vision prevention knowledge which are age, occupation, and family social status. Background variables related to vision prevention attitude are education level and family social status. Background variables related to vision prevention behavior are education level, occupation, and family social status. 3. Family social status index, vision prevention knowledge, and vision prevention attitude can effectively predict subjects' vision prevention behavior and explained 33.5% of the total variation. Among them, the vision prevention attitude has the greatest impact on predicting vision prevention behavior, followed by vision prevention knowledge, and family social status index.

Key Words: preschool children, primary caregivers, vision prevention knowledge, vision prevention attitude, vision prevention behavior