臺北市某國中學生身體意象與體重控制行為相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國中生的背景因素、社會支持因素與身體意象對體重控制行為之研究，以臺北市105學年度第一學期之某國中學生為母群體，採分層抽樣法抽樣出17個班級，有效問卷為309份。歸納結果如下: 一、性別方面，女生在整體的身體意象高於男生，而男生在外表評價、身體各部位滿意度、身體活動及飲食狀況顯著高於女生。 二、年級方面，七、八年級學生在身體各部位滿意度和飲食行為顯著高於九年級。 三、國中生的身體意象會因BMI的不同而有不同的顯著差異，但BMI在飲食行為和身體活動皆無顯著差異。 四、社會支持方面，傳播媒體影響力與外表評價、身體各部位滿意度、外表關注、對過重體重之關注、飲食狀況及身體活動有顯著相關；而重要他人看法與身體意象、健康取向、飲食行為、飲食狀況、飲食控制有顯著相關。 五、飲食行為和身體意象呈顯著正相關；身體活動在外表評價、身體各部位滿意度、對體重過重之關注、健康取向有顯著相關。 六、年級、重要他人看法、身體意象、BMI之肥胖組為有效預測飲食行為的變項；而性別、身體意象為有效預測身體活動的變項。

The approach of this study was to find out the correlations between social demographical factors, social support, body-image and behaviors of weight-control for teenagers in a junior high school. The study objects were students enrolled in one junior high school in Taipei city in 1st semester of 2016. The stratified cluster random sampling was adapted and a total of 17 classes were sampled. The total valid samples in this survey were 309. The following 6 findings were drawn from this study: 1. Female students had a slightly higher total score in body-image than male students, but male students had higher sub-scale scores on appearance, body satisfaction, physical activity and dietary behavior. 2. Students from grade 7& 8 showed higher scores on body satisfaction and dietary behavior than students from grade 9. 3. Body Mass Index (BMI) diemension: Students with different Body Mass Index (BMI) showed different body-image, but the range of BMI did not show correlations with dietary behavior and physical activity. 4. There are high correlations between media and appearance judgments, body- satisfaction, appearance tendency, overweigh tendency, dietary behavior and physical activity. Moreover, there were significant correlations between “significant others” and body-image, dietary behavior and dietary management. 5. There were positive correlations between dietary behavior and body-image. 6. Grade, significant others, body-image and obesity group of BMI are major predictors of variances of dietary behavior; gender and body-image are major predictors of the variances of physicalactivity.