高職學生性別刻板印象和選擇非傳統性別領域類科之研究

Abstract

性別刻板印象受到教育環境、生長背景和文化等因素影響，對於高職學生而言，其進路發展選擇是第一次面對的重要生涯選擇，是否因為性別刻板印象而對於其選擇非傳統性別領域類科有所影響，是本研究所關注的議題。同時其選擇非傳統性別領域類科，其學業成績和適應問題，也是極需被了解與重視。 本研究將台灣地區分為東西南北四區，總共36個學校，選擇具有非傳統學習類科與傳統學習類科的人數約為1：1，2241名學生(男48.9﹪，女51.1﹪)。本研究調查方式採用SPSS 17.0的版本，以卡方百分比同質性考驗、卡方獨立性考驗、單因子變異數分析、t檢定、複迴歸、路徑分析、信度分析、探索性因素分析等多種統計方法，進行研究分析。提出五個主要研究目的：（一）高職學生性別刻板印象的情況；（二）探討個人、家庭與學校因素和性別刻板印象的關係；（三）探討性別刻板印象和是否選擇非傳統性別領域類科的關係；（四）探討選擇類科的理由與是否選擇非傳統性別領域類科的關係；（五）探討是否選擇非傳統性別領域類科和學業成績、學習適應的關係。 本研究資料分析的結果顯示：（一）高職學生性別刻板印象的程度較不刻板；（二）個人、家庭與學校變項皆和性別刻板印象相關；（三）性別刻板印象和選擇領域類科具有關係；（四）選擇非傳統學習領域類科之主要理由為自己興趣或性向；（五）非傳統學習領域高職學生在其專業知識方面呈現生活適應問題。 根據上述結果，本研究提出以下具體建議：（一）強化學校性別平等教育、在職訓練和教育宣導；（二）強化生涯輔導功能；（三）增加專業知識時數，提升專業知能。Gender stereotype was influenced by educational and family backgrounds, and cultures. As for the vocational high school students, they were facing the first important career choice ever, whether their gender stereotypes effect their choice of non-traditional fields for majors is the focus of this research. At the same time, their social adjustment and academic performance after choosing non-traditional fields should also be understood and addressed. This research had five major research purposes: (1) levels of gender stereotypes among vocational high school students; (2) the relationships among individual, family and school factors; (3) the relationships between gender stereotypes and the choice of non-traditional fields; (4) the relationships between reasons of choosing majors and the choice of non-traditional fields; and (5) the relationships among the choice of non-traditional fields, academic performance and social adjustment. We randomly stratified a sample of 36 vocational schools in Taiwan, located in four regions, the east, west, north and south of Taiwan. The sample included a total of 2,241 students from these schools; half of them chose the traditional fields and half of them, the non-traditional fields. The statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, ANOVA,T- tests, multiple regressions, path analyses, reliability test, validity test and exploratory factor analyses, using SPSS 17.0 version. The results showed: (1) the level of gender stereotypes was not high among vocational high school students; (2) there were significant relationships among individual, family and school factors; (3) there were significant relationship between gender stereotypes and the choice of fields; (4) the main reason for choosing non-traditional fields is based on own interests; and (5) the non-traditional majors encountered some academic problems in schools. The implications of this research were: (1) to strengthen gender equality education in vocational high schools, (2) to strengthen the counseling of career in vocational high schools; (3) to increase the hours of professional classes in vocational high schools in order to upgrade the professional abilities.