鐵人三項中高齡參與者體驗價值之研究

Abstract

鐵人三項在臺灣三十多年，無論是從CHALLENGE TAIWAN、IRONMAN系列賽等經典賽事報名情況，都可以看出國人對於鐵人三項的熱情，研究者統計2023 CHALLENGE TAIWAN完賽人數，發現完賽人數中高齡（40至64歲）參與者占整體人數約七成五，可以看出中高齡是鐵人三項賽事主要人口。另外，臺灣人口結構老化，2024年臺灣人口年齡中位數達到44.97歲，過去文獻顯示，運動對於健康老化有直接相關。由於探討鐵人三項主要是以量化或質化為主，較少有使用質量兼具之研究方法，因此本研究欲參考過去同樣耐力型運動，使用「方法目的鏈」（means-end chain），探討中高齡鐵人的參與屬性、結果與價值。本研究總共有26位受訪者，透過訪談蒐集資料，再逐一進行內容分析製作出蘊含矩陣，最後呈現出階層價值圖，找到屬性、結果與價值之間連結。本研究結果顯示，屬性分成：主辦單位、賽事規劃、賽事氛圍、準備過程、運動特色、先備能力、夥伴支持與目標追求；結果分成：身體健康、自我檢視、生活習慣、技術提升、附加收穫、情緒感受、心理體悟、社交支持；價值分成：成就感、人生啟發、歸屬感。本研究屬性、結果與價值之間連結：成就感是所有結果之最終價值，其途徑來源主要為自我檢視、心理體悟、附加收穫與身體健康。生命啟發主要結果途徑來自於自我檢視、心理體悟與情緒感受。歸屬感唯一結果途徑來自於社交支持。透過本研究希望能夠給予賽事主辦單位之辦理賽事建議，也提供中高齡鐵人三項參與者了解參與鐵人三項的動機與效益。Triathlon has been in Taiwan for more than 30 years. Researcher counted the number of finishers in 2023 CHALLENGE TAIWAN and found that the mid-aged is the main population of triathlon events. This study intends to use the"means-end chain". Discuss the participation attributes, consequences and value of mid-aged triathletes. There were a total of 26 interviewees in this study. Data were collected through interviews, and content analysis was conducted one by one to create an implication matrix. Finally, a hierarchical value map was presented to find the connection between attributes, consequences, and value. The results of this study show that the attributes are divided into: organizer, event planning, event atmosphere, preparation process, sports characteristics, preliminary ability, partner support and goal pursuit; the results are divided into: physical health, self-examination, living habits, technology improvement, additional gains, feelings, psychological understanding, and social support; the value is divided into: accomplishment, life inspiration, and belonging. The connection between the attributes, consequences and value of this study: accomplishment is the ultimate value of all results, and its main sources are self-examination, psychological understanding, additional gains and physical health. The main results of life inspiration come from self-examination, psychological understanding and feelings. The only way to feel belonging is through social support.