舒曼《大衛同盟舞曲》之樂曲分析與詮釋報告

Abstract

舒曼 (Robert Schumann, 1810 ~ 1856) 為十九世紀德國浪漫樂派很重要的作曲家之一，他留下了的許多經典著作大都以鋼琴作品為主。而其與文學緊密相關的音樂創作和自成一格的創作手法也讓他的作品在當時的年代獨樹一格。 本文所探討的《大衛同盟舞曲》(Davidsbündlertänze, Op.6, 1837) 為舒曼早期所寫的作品，跟同時期所創作的《狂歡節》(Carnaval, Op.9, 1835) 和《蝴蝶》(Papillons, 1829) 都是現今耳熟能詳的著名套曲。此首作品共由十八首小曲所組成，篇幅較長，音樂中充滿對克拉拉濃厚的情感。而此曲的標題大衛同盟則是跟舒曼所創造的虛構角色有關，其中大膽衝動的佛羅倫斯坦 (Florestan) 和敏感內斂的奧澤比烏斯 (Eusebius)為最具代表性的人物，象徵舒曼內心的雙重性格，而這樣的對比也頻繁的在舒曼的作品中出現。 本論文希望能透過舒曼的文學背景和樂曲上的分析去深入的了解舒曼的創作思想，在詮釋的部分會藉由四位鋼琴家克勞迪奧‧阿勞 (Claudio Arrau, 1903 ~ 1991)、凱薩琳‧柯拉德(Catherine Collard, 1947 ~ 1993)、 安德拉斯‧席夫 (Andras Schiff, 1953 ~ )和艾瑞克‧雷薩吉(Eric Le Sage, 1964 ~ )的演奏來探討，並將其不同之處統整出來，也會針對彈奏的觸鍵、踏板方面提供詳細的建議，供演奏者參考。

關鍵詞：舒曼、大衛同盟、文學Robert Schumann is considered one of the most significant German composers of the Romantic period. Most of his magnificent works are piano pieces. What makes Schumann’s works special is the close relationship between his use of literature and his composing technique. This paper probes the work of the Davidsbündlertänze, Op.6. It is Schumann’s early work. At the same period of time, he also composed many well-known cyclic works includes Papillons, Carnaval, Op.9, and Davidsbündlertänze, Op.6. The work comprised of eighteen character pieces. The title Davidsbündler is connected with the imaginary characters established by Schumann. The two representative characters are Florestan, who is bold and impulsive , and Eusebius, who is sensitive and introverted. They symbolize duo personalities. Such contradiction can also be found in Schumann’s other works. To understand Schumann’s mechanism of composition, this essay provides an in depth research of the composer’s literature background and the analysis of his works. The interpretation of Claudio Arrau, Catherine Collard, Andras Schiff, and Eric Le Sage’s performances are compared. This essay offers detailed explanation of key-touching and pedals.