影響社區童軍團發展因素之研究
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2009
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本研究旨在探討影響社區童軍團發展的主要因素，並探究不同背景（家庭角色、年齡、職業、教育程度、婚姻狀況、家庭生命週期、家庭收入、居住地、活動頻率、服務年資）之服務員，認為影響社區童軍團發展的主要因素為何。
本研究以深入訪談與焦點會議資料為起點，整理歸納得出若干面向，再以問卷調查收集相關資料，之後根據資料分析所得，獲得結論和建議，提供相關單位及社區團伙伴之參考。
本研究以分佈全國各地之社區團成人領袖為對象，利用自編之「影響社區童軍團發展因素調查問卷」進行資料收集，並以SPSS for Windows 14.0進行資料統計分析。採用次數分配及百分比，平均數，標準差，信度分析，因素分析，t檢定，單因子變異數分析，Scheffer事後比較法及Pearson積差相關分析等。
依據研究發現，結論如下：
一、 社區團背景因素人口變項：
社區童軍團之服務員80%已婚且身為家長；帶領社區團之成人領袖以31~50歲青壯年為主流；參與社區團之服務員沒有明顯職業區隔； 84%具備大專以上高學歷；每個月進行團活動2~3次者最多；義務服務年資十年以上者佔大部份；家中最小孩子大多仍在就學；家庭月收入40000~100000佔80%以上；全國服務員北部最多、東部最少。
二、 影響發展因素之重要性排序：
本研究調查問卷共計25題，最重要因素包括：
1.義務服務員的投入
2.團長們的向心力
3.時間規律、地點明確、內容充實的團集會
4.忠誠度高向心力強的團員
5.動靜合宜、寓教於樂的活動設計
可見在社區童軍團的發展過程中，「人力資源」的影響力是最重要的資本。
三、 影響團發展之主要因素：
本研究透過因素分析，得到5個〝因素群〞，分別命名為：「經費贊助」、「團務經營」、「領導效能」、「家長投入」、「組織團結」。重要性排序如下：
1.「家長投入」排名第一，是所有服務員一致認為最重要的關鍵。
2.「領導效能」排名第二，是社區團的成功的主因也是命脈所繫。
3.「團務經營」排名第三，代表團的實務運作必須考慮諸多面向。
4.「組織團結」排名第四，代表凝聚各方力量方能營造合諧組織氣氛。
5.「經費贊助」排名第五，但統計呈現「兩極化」的看法。
四、 影響社區童軍團發展之瓶頸與助力
1.影響社區童軍團發展之最大瓶頸：升學主義。
2.現階段希望立即解決的問題:「團務經營」最巨，其次為「經費贊助」。
3.社區童軍團成功發展的因素：「領導效能」的得分最高。
最後依據研究結果歸納之結論，分別對中央及縣市政府、童軍總會及縣市童軍會，以及後續相關研究者提出具體參考之建議。
The purpose of this study is to explore the development major factor of Community-based Scouting, and explore the different backgrounds (family roles, age, occupation, educational level, marital status, family life cycle, family income, place of residence, the activities of the frequency, length of service) of scout leaders in why the major factor affects the development of community-based scouting. In this study, summarizing depth interviews and focus of the meeting information, and then a questionnaire survey is also used to collect the correlation data of this study. Through the analysis of the data and conclusion from the study suggestions are to be shared with relevant units and personnel. The questionnaire participants’ subjects are the scout leaders in Taiwan. The instrument is titled “Questionnaire Survey of Impact of Community-based Scouting”. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed used SPSS14.0 for Windows to perform description statistics. Statistic methods included allocation of number of time and proportions, mean, standard deviation, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Schaffer Method, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation. According to the finding of research, this study concedes as follows: First, the characteristic of leaders in community-based scouting are: 80% of leaders are married and they are parents, Most of them are at the age of 31 to 50, There is no clear boundary of occupations, 84% of leaders are university or college graduated, They held troop meetings 2 or 3 times per month, Most of them serve scouting for more than ten years, Leaders still has youngest kids who is in school age, More than 80% of them have monthly income which exceeds NT$40,000 to NT$100,000. Northern Taiwan has most leaders and eastern Taiwan has less leaders. Second, the prioritized factors which influences the development of community-based Scouting. There are 25 factors indentified on the Questionnaire Survey, the most important factors includes: The involvement of volunteer leaders. The support of leaders toward to troop. Troop meeting which is held on a regular time base, in the same place, and the content is meaningful. Scouts who has loyalty and support to his own troop. The program design which is fun and educated. Thus, this study concluded that human resources are the most important capital. Third, the major factors which influence the development of community-base Scouting. Through factor analysis, the study concludes five categories, namely financial sponsor, troop management, effectiveness of leadership, involvement of parents, and unity of organization. The priority is as follows: The priority No. 1 is the involvement of parents. This was all agreed by all leaders during the survey. The priority No. 2 is the effectiveness of leadership. This is the major factor for the success of a community-based Scouting. Troop management is priority No. 3. This reminds leader to think and plan how to run a troop. Unity of organization is priority No. 4. This means a harmonized organization will enhance the success of community-based scouting. The last priority is financial sponsorship. However, the statistic shows the division into two opposing extremes Last, the bottleneck and support factors to influence of community-base scouting; The study concludes that the biggest bottleneck for community-based scouting is the pressure from schooling. On the open questions to leaders what is the problem that they would like to solve at this stage, they give high score to mangaement, and then the second is financial sponsorship. All leaders give the highest score to effective leadership as the most important factors on the development of community-based scouting. Based on the research conclusion, specific suggestion has been proposed to central and local governments, scout association and local councils and future research.
The purpose of this study is to explore the development major factor of Community-based Scouting, and explore the different backgrounds (family roles, age, occupation, educational level, marital status, family life cycle, family income, place of residence, the activities of the frequency, length of service) of scout leaders in why the major factor affects the development of community-based scouting. In this study, summarizing depth interviews and focus of the meeting information, and then a questionnaire survey is also used to collect the correlation data of this study. Through the analysis of the data and conclusion from the study suggestions are to be shared with relevant units and personnel. The questionnaire participants’ subjects are the scout leaders in Taiwan. The instrument is titled “Questionnaire Survey of Impact of Community-based Scouting”. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed used SPSS14.0 for Windows to perform description statistics. Statistic methods included allocation of number of time and proportions, mean, standard deviation, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Schaffer Method, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation. According to the finding of research, this study concedes as follows: First, the characteristic of leaders in community-based scouting are: 80% of leaders are married and they are parents, Most of them are at the age of 31 to 50, There is no clear boundary of occupations, 84% of leaders are university or college graduated, They held troop meetings 2 or 3 times per month, Most of them serve scouting for more than ten years, Leaders still has youngest kids who is in school age, More than 80% of them have monthly income which exceeds NT$40,000 to NT$100,000. Northern Taiwan has most leaders and eastern Taiwan has less leaders. Second, the prioritized factors which influences the development of community-based Scouting. There are 25 factors indentified on the Questionnaire Survey, the most important factors includes: The involvement of volunteer leaders. The support of leaders toward to troop. Troop meeting which is held on a regular time base, in the same place, and the content is meaningful. Scouts who has loyalty and support to his own troop. The program design which is fun and educated. Thus, this study concluded that human resources are the most important capital. Third, the major factors which influence the development of community-base Scouting. Through factor analysis, the study concludes five categories, namely financial sponsor, troop management, effectiveness of leadership, involvement of parents, and unity of organization. The priority is as follows: The priority No. 1 is the involvement of parents. This was all agreed by all leaders during the survey. The priority No. 2 is the effectiveness of leadership. This is the major factor for the success of a community-based Scouting. Troop management is priority No. 3. This reminds leader to think and plan how to run a troop. Unity of organization is priority No. 4. This means a harmonized organization will enhance the success of community-based scouting. The last priority is financial sponsorship. However, the statistic shows the division into two opposing extremes Last, the bottleneck and support factors to influence of community-base scouting; The study concludes that the biggest bottleneck for community-based scouting is the pressure from schooling. On the open questions to leaders what is the problem that they would like to solve at this stage, they give high score to mangaement, and then the second is financial sponsorship. All leaders give the highest score to effective leadership as the most important factors on the development of community-based scouting. Based on the research conclusion, specific suggestion has been proposed to central and local governments, scout association and local councils and future research.
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Keywords
童子軍, 社區, 社區童軍團, Boy Scout, Community, Community-based Scouting