高中職生同理心、自我效能、目標感與利社會行為傾向之相關研究
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2015
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Abstract
本研究主要目的為了解高中職學生的個人因素對其利社會行為傾向的影響。利社會行為傾向區分為公眾性、情感性、利他性、緊急性和匿名性五種傾向，而個人因素指的是高中職生具有的同理心（情感同理、認知同理）、自我效能和目標感（目標界定、目標尋求），進一步探究三種個人因素與五種利社會行為傾向間的關聯性和預測效果，以及各變項的性別差異。本研究對象為新竹縣市公私立高中職學生共846位（男生佔64.9%，高職佔56.6%，高一佔38.5%，高二佔38.6%，高三佔22.9%）。使用「同理心量表」、「一般性自我效能量表」、「青少年目標感量表」和「利社會行為傾向量表」作為研究工具進行測量。
主要研究結果整理如下：
1.同理心及自我效能具有顯著性別差異，目標感及利社會行為傾向在性別上未達顯著差異。
2.同理心、自我效能及目標感，與不同利社會行為傾向間皆有顯著正相關。
3.情感同理可顯著預測所有利社會行為傾向，而認知同理、自我效能、目標界定及目標尋求可顯著預測部分利社會行為傾向。
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of high school students’ personal factors in their prosocial tendencies. Five types of prosocial tendencies were included in this study, i.e., public, emotional, altruistic, dire, and anonymous prosocial tendencies. The present study explored the relationships between three personal factors (i.e., empathy, self-efficacy, and purpose) and five types of prosocial tendencies of high school students. The participants of were 846 adolescents (64.9% of boys; 56.6% of vocational high school students; 38.5% of 10th graders; 38.6% of 11th graders, and 22.9% of 12th graders) from seven high schools at Hsinchu. The data was collected by “Prosocial Tendency Measure”, “The Interpersonal Reactivity Inventory”, “General Self-Efficacy Scale”, and “Youth Purpose Survey.” The main findings were as follows: 1.There were gender differences in empathy and self-efficacy, but no significant gender differences in purpose and prosocial tendencies. 2.There were significant positive relationships between empathy, self-efficacy, purpose, and five types of prosocial tendencies respectively. 3.Emotional empathy could predict all types of prosocial tendencies, but cognitive empathy, self-efficacy, commitment to purpose, and search for purpose could only predict certain types of prosocial tendencies.
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of high school students’ personal factors in their prosocial tendencies. Five types of prosocial tendencies were included in this study, i.e., public, emotional, altruistic, dire, and anonymous prosocial tendencies. The present study explored the relationships between three personal factors (i.e., empathy, self-efficacy, and purpose) and five types of prosocial tendencies of high school students. The participants of were 846 adolescents (64.9% of boys; 56.6% of vocational high school students; 38.5% of 10th graders; 38.6% of 11th graders, and 22.9% of 12th graders) from seven high schools at Hsinchu. The data was collected by “Prosocial Tendency Measure”, “The Interpersonal Reactivity Inventory”, “General Self-Efficacy Scale”, and “Youth Purpose Survey.” The main findings were as follows: 1.There were gender differences in empathy and self-efficacy, but no significant gender differences in purpose and prosocial tendencies. 2.There were significant positive relationships between empathy, self-efficacy, purpose, and five types of prosocial tendencies respectively. 3.Emotional empathy could predict all types of prosocial tendencies, but cognitive empathy, self-efficacy, commitment to purpose, and search for purpose could only predict certain types of prosocial tendencies.
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利社會行為傾向, 同理心, 自我效能, 目標感, prosocial tendency, empathy, self-efficacy, purpose