中科三期后里基地周邊區域居民對科技災害之風險知覺研究

Abstract

隨著科技與時代的變遷，愈來愈多科技設施的設置，為社會帶來便利的生活與高度成長的經濟，然而災害與污染事件卻也隨之而來。在臺灣歷經產業與經濟的轉型之下，高科技工業已然成為臺灣工業發展的主力。臺中市后里區於民國95年正式興建中科三期后里基地，本研究的目的在探討居民對於科技災害之風險知覺特性，並分析影響居民風險知覺的因素，最後從社會脆弱性角度，瞭解社區與居民面對災害風險之防災與調適情形。本研究針對后里基地周圍八里之居民進行問卷調查，回收有效問卷數量331份。研究結果發現居民認為后里基地引發災害或污染的風險性為中等偏高，並認知空氣污染的發生機會與影響程度皆最大；此外，從影響層面來看，居民認知災害或污染對人體健康的影響層面最大。本研究分析影響居民對后里基地風險知覺之因素，包括性別、家中人數、家中有無幼童、居住時間、職業、本人（親友）是否在后里基地工作、是否有工業受災經驗、工廠與住家距離、是否參加過后里基地防災演練等。而從社會脆弱性角度進行訪談調查發現，社區與居民對科技災害之自主防災能力薄弱，后里基地與社區居民間資訊交換的不足與不信任，使居民在面對災害風險時，具有較低的調適能力。More and more technology facilities development brought highly growing economy and convenience to society, while the hazards and pollution incidents also increased. Through the transformation of industry and economy in Taiwan, the high-tech industry has become the major part of Taiwan's industrial development; hence, more and more science parks have been planned and established. The Houli base of the Central Taiwan Science Park has been established since 2006, and many local people live near the science park. The purposes of this study are to explore the residents' risk perception of technological hazards, analyze the factors affecting residents' risk perception and understand the disaster prevention and adaptation behavior of communities and residents facing technological hazards. This study conducted a questionnaire survey for residents of eight communities near Houli base and 331 valid questionnaires were collected finally. According to the findings in this study, the residents think that the risk of hazards or pollution caused by the Houli base is medium to high and air pollution is regarded to have the greatest chance to occur and bring most serious impact. In addition, residents also think that the major hazard or pollution caused by Houli base will impact on human health dimension. The following factors that will affect residents' perception of the risk were further analyzed and explained, including: gender, number of family, presence of young children at home, living time, career, working at Houli base or not, having industrial disaster experiences or not, the distance between factories and home, and having participated in the post-base disaster prevention drill or not. In terms of social vulnerability based on interviews, data collection, and questionnaire results, the communities and local residents have weak self-efficacy to against technological hazards. Insufficient information exchange and mistrust between Houli base authority and local residents have resulted in the low coping capacities of communities and weak adaptation behavior of residents.