成人生涯混沌態度與心理幸福感之關係－以無法忍受不確定性為調節變項

Abstract

本研究目的有二：第一，成人生涯混沌態度、心理幸福感之間的關係，並探討無法忍受不確定性在生涯混沌態度與心理幸福感之調節作用。第二，成人之生涯混沌態度、心理幸福感與無法忍受不確定性之現況分析。調查對象為臺灣地區20歲以上之成人，回收有效問卷共765份，男性231人，女性534人，年齡介於20歲至75歲，平均年齡為32.4歲。研究工具包括生涯混沌態度量表、心理幸福感－簡式量表（PWBS）、無法忍受不確定性－簡式量表。使用獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森積差相關、調節效果分析等統計方法，主要研究結果如下：一、成人生涯混沌態度情感狀態、就業狀態皆無顯著差異，與年齡也無相關。惟年齡與複雜性覺察呈負相關；年齡與機緣覺察呈顯著正相關；性別在複雜性覺察有顯著差異，男性顯著高於女性。二、成人之心理幸福感在性別與就業狀態無顯著差異，然在情感狀態有顯著差異，在關係中者心理幸福感顯著高於非在關係中者，並與年齡呈正相關。三、成人之無法忍受不確定性在情感狀態、就業狀態上具顯著差異，非在關係中者、非在職中者之無法忍受不確定性顯著高於在關係中者、在職中者，且無法忍受不確定性與年齡呈負相關。四、成人之整體生涯混沌態度對心理幸福感有正向影響力；複雜性覺察對心理幸福感有負向影響力；重複性覺察對心理幸福感有正向影響力；機緣覺察心理幸福感有正向影響力。五、「無法忍受不確定性」對「生涯混沌態度」與「心理幸福感」之間的關係具有調節效果。具體而言，高無法忍受不確定性的個體，若可以覺察更多過去生命中的重複性與機緣事件對自我的影響，則會擁有更多心理幸福感；而對低無法忍受不確定的個體而言，若覺察越多周遭世界如何影響自我，則心理幸福感越低。最後，針對本研究結果整理出各項具體建議，提供教育實務及未來研究的參考。There are two purposes of this study. First, to explore the relationship between career chaos attitude and psychological well-being, further more to examine the moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between career chaos attitude and psychological well-being. Sceond, to realize the situation of career chaos attitude, psychological well-being and intolerance of uncertainty among adults. Participants of this study were 765 adults, including 231 male, 534 female, their age are ranging 20 to 75, mean age is 34.4. Research measures include, Career Chaos Attitude Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Person correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The moderator effect is examined by Process Procedure. The main findings of this study are : 1. There is no significant difference in the relation status and employment status of career chaos attitudes among adults. There is no relationship between age and career chaos attitude. However, the relationship between age and awareness of complexity is negative significant; the positive relationship between age and awareness of opportunity is significant; the male’s awareness of opportunity score are significant higher than female. 2. There is no significant difference in gender and employment status of psychological well-being among adults. However, the people who are in relation, their psychological well-being score is significant higher than those who aren’t in relation. And the positive relationship between age and psychological well-being is significant. 3. Those who are not in relation, their intolerance of uncertainty score are significant higher than in relation; those who don’t have job, their intolerance of uncertainty score are significant higher than those who have. And the negative relationship between age and intolerance of uncertainty is significant. 4. The positive relationship between career chaos attitude and psychological well-being is significant; the negative relationship between awareness of complexity and psychological well-being is significant; The positive relationship between awareness of repetition and constancy and psychological well-being is significant; The positive relationship between awareness of opportunity and psychological well-being is significant. 5. The relationship between career chaos attitude and psychological well-being among adults was moderated by intolerance of uncertainty. The positive relation between career chaos attitude and psychological well-being was stronger in high level intolerance of uncertainty people than low levels. More specifically, the people who have high intolerance of uncertainty, if they can perceive more pattern or coherence in life, perceive the impact by unplanned/ opportunity event, they were have more psychological well-being. However, the people who have low intolerance of uncertainty, if they perceive more complex world, then they well have less psychological well-being.