二十世紀與動物相關之鋼琴獨奏曲 以〈金魚〉、〈紙糊小老鼠〉、〈鉛製小公牛〉、〈玻璃小狼〉、《貓與老鼠幽默詼諧曲》及〈短趾雲雀〉為例之分析與詮釋

Abstract

音樂史上有許多以動物為題材創作的樂曲，因筆者對於音樂與動物相關的樂曲感到興趣，且欲增進二十世紀演奏技巧與詮釋之能力，因此，本論文以二十世紀與動物相關之鋼琴獨奏曲，由不同風格的四位作曲家創作中，選出六首樂曲，分別為德布西 (Achille Claude Debussy, 1862-1918)〈金魚〉(Poissons d’or)、柯普蘭 (Aaron Copland, 1900-1990) 《貓與老鼠幽默詼諧曲》(Humoristic Scherzo: The Cat and the Mouse)、維拉．羅伯斯 (Heitor Villa-Lobos, 1887-1959) 第二號《娃娃家族》 組曲中的 〈紙糊小老鼠〉 (Camundongo de massa)、〈鉛製小公牛〉(Boizinho de chumbo)、〈玻璃小狼〉(O Lobosinho de vidro)、梅湘 (Olivier Messiaen, 1908-1992)〈短趾雲雀〉(L’alouette calandrelle) 為例，作為研究主題的對象。 本論文共分為六章：第一章為緒論，包含研究動機與目的，研究方法及範圍；第二章概述作曲家生平及創作風格；第三章說明樂曲創作背景及分析；第四章則根據前章之瞭解說明個人詮釋心得與想法；第五章，歸納整理六首樂曲創作動機與手法呈現及有關動物與音樂素材的運用；最後結語為筆者研探本論文之綜論。 藉由本論文的研究，探討作曲家創作風格與手法，進而深究作曲家如何藉由各式音樂元素呈現動物的意象與演奏詮釋之實踐，期許此研究對演奏及未來教學上有所裨益。This thesis was motivated by the author’s deep interest in the pieces related to animals, as well as the desire to further understand the compositional style of the 20th century. This thesis is focused on six animal related 20th century piano solo works from different composer, including Claude Debussy’s Poissons d’or, Aaron Copland’s Humoristic Scherzo: The Cat and the Mouse, three selections from Heitor Villa-Lobos’ Prôle do bèbè no. 2 (Camundongo de massa, Boizinho de chumbo, and O Lobosinho de vidro), and Olivier Messiaen’s L’alouette calandrelle. This thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction that addresses the research motives, methodology and scope of research. The second chapter discusses each composer’s life and style. The third chapter is to summarizes the background behind their work and an analysis of six pieces. The fourth chapter elucidates on the author’s personal interpretation. The fifth chapter discusses the compositional materials used by each composer to simulate image of each animal’s character. The final chapter concludes findings of the author. In conclusion, the thesis discusses how the composer use compositional materials to evoke the distinct images of the animals. The goal of this thesis is to provide performers with a better understanding and interpretations for playing these selected works.