從文化研究與表演藝術觀點探討世界客家博覽會的策展效益

Abstract

博覽會的功能不僅止於展現技術、設計與工業的發展，除了過往大多含有「政治」與「經濟」的因素以外，隨著時代不斷演進，當今的博覽會已有了許多不同面向的思考，並同時具有人文關懷以及議題思考的方向。根據世界客家博覽會官網表示，2023桃園市世界客家博覽會，以「世界」作為策展舉辦之出發點，且是臺灣第一次使用「客家」作為文化內容的大型博覽會。現代臺灣社會中，已存在越來越多隱形的都市客家人，世界客家博覽會的發生，讓人更好奇如此以「世界」為目標對象的「客家博覽會」將帶來何種程度的文化凝聚與策展效益。本研究以「文化研究」的觀點出發，並以「表演藝術」領域作為主要研究方向，從策展效益與文化凝聚作為理論的切入角度。研究探討於世界客家博覽會舉行的這段期間，表演藝術活動的策展內容是否能使民眾更加清楚、明確了客家文化的定義與內涵，並達到推廣及教育的效果？文章首先針對文化研究概念、表演藝術領域，以及博覽會的功能等作為切入面向進行文獻探討，接著針對個案研究、田野調查與深度訪談等研究方法，實地踏訪世界客家博覽會。研究結果得出，表演藝術活動在本次博覽會活動中帶來了良好的凝聚力，唯整體博覽會活動宣傳力道較為不足，且缺乏總策展的核心角色。最後本研究呼籲中央單位、策展者以及創作者，能夠保護傳統文化並鼓勵多元創新，同時鼓勵創作跨越語言的藩籬。最後善用表演藝術的凝聚力量，使之達到遍地開花，而非曇花一現。希冀本研究結論與建議可以提供給未來的中央政府單位、策展人以及創作者在策劃大型博覽會活動時作為參考。The function of expos extends beyond showcasing advancements in technology, design, and industry. Apart from historical elements typically involving political and economic factors, contemporary expos have evolved to encompass diverse perspectives that include humanitarian concerns and thematic considerations. According to the official website of the World Hakka Expo, the expo marked Taiwan's first large-scale event focusing on "Hakka" culture with a global perspective in its curation. In modern Taiwanese society, there is an increasing population of urban Hakka people, and the World Hakka Expo prompts curiosity about how such a globally oriented "Hakka Expo" can foster cultural cohesion and curatorial effectiveness. This study takes a cultural studies perspective, focusing primarily on the performing arts field, using curatorial effectiveness and cultural cohesion as theoreticalentry points. The research explores whether the curatorial content of performing arts activities during the World Hakka Expo clarifies and defines Hakka culture for the public, achieving promotional and educational effects. The article first reviews literature related to cultural studies, Hakka communities in Taiwan, ethnic groups, curation, and the functions of expos. It then employs research methods such as field surveys and in-depth interviews, conducting on-site visits to the World Hakka Expo.The study findings indicate that performing arts activities at the expo effectively fostered cohesion, though overall promotional efforts of the expo were lacking, and there was a need for a central curatorial role. Finally, the study calls upon central authorities, curators, and creators to protect traditional cultures, encourage diverse innovation, facilitate cross-language creativity, and harness the cohesive power of performing arts to achieve lasting impact rather than fleeting moments. This study's conclusions and recommendations aim to guide future central government entities, curators, and creators in planning large-scale expo events.