影響大學生健康飲食行為因素之研究

Abstract

摘要 二十一世紀的台灣，社會快速發展，經濟與教育水準的提高、醫學的進步，使得人類的壽命相對延長，台灣也已經正式邁入老化國家，由行政院衛生署的資料顯示，國人的十大死亡原因中有七項為慢性疾病，而且有年輕化的趨勢，國人的飲食出現營養不均衡的問題，要想讓國人在老年時期可以活的更健康，以降低社會成本的負擔，從要從年輕時期建立正確的健康生活型態，所以本研究旨在1. 探討大學生在不同金錢限制與用餐環境下，對健康飲食行為之影響；2. 瞭解大學生其營養知識、健康生活型態與健康飲食行為之相關性。 本研究採實驗法與問卷調查法方式進行，針對台灣北部大學生進行抽查。本研究結果以描述性統計、因素分析、變異數分析、Pearson積差相關來進行分析。 經由本研究發現金錢限制與用餐環境會影響大學生健康飲食行為，且大學生的營養知識屬於中上程度，大學生的健康生活型態包含「健康飲食」、「健康信念」、「相信偏方」以及「消極鬱悶」四個因素構面。大學生的健康飲食行為則是在熱量、蛋白質、脂肪的攝取量過高，而在醣類與膳食纖維的攝取量不足。 本研究建議政府可以在一般大眾都消費的起的平價餐廳，積極推廣健康餐食的觀念，同時針對高單價的套餐調整餐食內容，增加膳食纖維與醣類，降低蛋白質的比例，並且建議餐廳廚師研究將健康的餐飲製作的更美味；建議餐廳業者可以在特殊節日時對健康餐飲做促銷活動，建議美式餐廳應降低蛋白質與脂肪的含量，提高醣類與膳食纖維的含量，更符合國人的健康需求，以提高國人消費健康餐飲的比例，落實國人的健康飲食行為。

關鍵詞：健康飲食、金錢限制、用餐情境、健康生活型態、營養知識ABSTRACT Unhealthy diets and physical inactivity are leading causes of premature death, disabilities, and other chronic diseases in Taiwan. In addition, Taiwanese are increasingly eating at restaurants due to changing social structures and life styles. However, there is a void of research examining the impacts of money constraint and dining occasion on customers’ healthy eating behaviors. Hence, the research objectives of the study were to: (a) explore the impacts of money constraint and dining occasion on college customers’ healthy eating behaviors, and (b) examine the relationships among nutrition knowledge, healthy life style and healthy eating behavior. A total of 461 undergraduate students were selected, 454 completed the experiment, yielding a valid responserate of 95.8%. A 3 money constraints (low, medium, vs. high) x 3 dining occasions (dating, celebrating, vs. purely fulfilling physical needs) factorial design was utilized to test the hypotheses. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the experimental treatments. After reading a brief scenario, the subjects were asked to order items from the designed menu and complete questions pertaining to measure nutrition knowledge and healthy life style. At the end of questionnaire, demographic information was collected. Statistical procedures employed included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results indicated that both money constraint and dining occasion significantly influence college consumers’ healthy eating behaviors. However, there were no statistically significant relationships among nutrition knowledge, healthy life style or healthy eating behavior. Important implications were included in the discussion.