應用田口方法與灰關聯分析於AISI316不銹鋼薄板氣體鎢極電弧銲接之研究
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2006
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Abstract
本研究之目的主要在於運用田口方法結合灰關聯分析，以銲道微硬度、銲道寬度及銲蝕為品質特性，探討在實驗範圍內之最適化銲接參數。在實驗上，銲接方法採用氣體鎢極電弧銲，實驗材料選用厚度為3.3mm之AISI 316不銹鋼薄板，銲接方式為自動走銲機填料對接薄板。實驗配置上，選用田口L18直交表，以電弧長度、銲接電流、銲接速度、送線速度、對接間隙及保護氣體含氮量百分比等六項銲接參數作為控制因素。
實驗結果顯示：單一品質特性中，在銲道微硬度方面，最適化銲接參數之硬度平均值為Hv194.2，現行銲接參數之硬度平均值為Hv178.8，提升約9%。在銲道寬度方面，最適化銲接參數之銲道寬度平均值為7.88mm，現行銲接參數之銲道寬度平均值為10.15mm，銲道寬度減少了2.27mm。在銲蝕方面，最適化銲接參數之銲道無銲蝕發生，現行銲接參數之銲道銲蝕嚴重。在多重品質特性最適銲接參數方面，銲道微硬度平均值為Hv178.5，銲道寬度平均值為8.23mm，銲道沒有銲蝕發生。此外，各單一品質特性及多重品質特性之最適化銲接參數的再現性均小於30%，再現性良好。
另外實驗結果顯示：保護氣體為純氬氣時，銲道微觀組織為FA型態。保護氣體內含1%氮氣時，銲道微觀組織為仍以FA型態為主，但肥粒相組織呈現斷續的狀態。保護氣體內含2%氮氣時，銲道微觀組織為AF與FA型態的混合。
在後續之研究建議上，可應用田口方法之「動態參數設計」去開發一條設計曲線，只要改變信號因素，即可達到銲接製程最適化的工作，是值得努力去探討的課題。
The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal welding process parameters in experimental range by the taguchi method with the grey relational analysis. The correlated results and discussions were focused on multiple quality characteristics as weld microhardness, weld width, and weld undercut. In experiments, the gas tungsten arc welding was used. The base metal were the sheets of type 316 stainless steel . The welding method was butt welding with filler by a servo mechanism. In the experimental design, a L18 orthogonal array was used to reduce the number of welding experiments and the selection of process parameters inclueded the arc length, welding current, welding speed, root openings, filler speed and nitrogen content in shelding gas. In the single quality characteristic, the experimental result showed that the average of weld microhardness was Hv194.2 for the optimal process parameter and Hv178.8 for the initial process parameter. The hardness was arised about 9%. The average of weld width was 7.88mm for the optimal process parameter and 10.15mm for the initial process parameter. The width was decreased in 2.27mm. The weld of the optimal process parameter indicated no undercut. The weld of the initial process parameter indicated serious undercut. In the optimal process parameter of multiple quality characteristics, the experimental result showed that the average of weld microhardness was Hv178.5, the average of weld width was 8.23mm and the weld was no undercut. All of the optimal process parameters had good reproducibilities which were less than 30%. When the shilding gas was pure argon, the microstructure of weld showed ferritic-austenitic morphology. When the nitrogen content in the shelding gas was 1%, the microstructure of weld showed ferritic-austenitic morphology but the ferrites were semicontinous. When the nitrogen content in the shelding gas was 2%, the microstructure of weld showed the mixture of ferritic-austenitic morph- ology and austenitic-ferritic morphology. In the further, there is an following advice of reserch : It is possible to design a curve by applying dynamic characteristics in the taguchi method. To do this, we can reach the goal of optimal process welding parameter just change signal factros. It is worth to make efforts on this probem.
The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal welding process parameters in experimental range by the taguchi method with the grey relational analysis. The correlated results and discussions were focused on multiple quality characteristics as weld microhardness, weld width, and weld undercut. In experiments, the gas tungsten arc welding was used. The base metal were the sheets of type 316 stainless steel . The welding method was butt welding with filler by a servo mechanism. In the experimental design, a L18 orthogonal array was used to reduce the number of welding experiments and the selection of process parameters inclueded the arc length, welding current, welding speed, root openings, filler speed and nitrogen content in shelding gas. In the single quality characteristic, the experimental result showed that the average of weld microhardness was Hv194.2 for the optimal process parameter and Hv178.8 for the initial process parameter. The hardness was arised about 9%. The average of weld width was 7.88mm for the optimal process parameter and 10.15mm for the initial process parameter. The width was decreased in 2.27mm. The weld of the optimal process parameter indicated no undercut. The weld of the initial process parameter indicated serious undercut. In the optimal process parameter of multiple quality characteristics, the experimental result showed that the average of weld microhardness was Hv178.5, the average of weld width was 8.23mm and the weld was no undercut. All of the optimal process parameters had good reproducibilities which were less than 30%. When the shilding gas was pure argon, the microstructure of weld showed ferritic-austenitic morphology. When the nitrogen content in the shelding gas was 1%, the microstructure of weld showed ferritic-austenitic morphology but the ferrites were semicontinous. When the nitrogen content in the shelding gas was 2%, the microstructure of weld showed the mixture of ferritic-austenitic morph- ology and austenitic-ferritic morphology. In the further, there is an following advice of reserch : It is possible to design a curve by applying dynamic characteristics in the taguchi method. To do this, we can reach the goal of optimal process welding parameter just change signal factros. It is worth to make efforts on this probem.
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Keywords
銲接, 氣體鎢極電弧銲接, 沃斯田鐵不銹鋼, 田口方法, 灰關聯分析, 多重品質特性, welding, gas tungsten arc welding, austenite stainless steel, taguchi method, grey relational analysis, multiple quality characteristics