台灣青少年交換學生海外學習經驗之研究-以國際扶輪3500地區為例
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2015
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本研究旨在探討參與YEP計畫之青少年交換學生的海外求學經驗，以瞭解其主觀經驗適應歷程以及海外學習經驗對交換學生之影響，最後彙整研究成果，向相關單位提出適當的建議。本研究為質性研究，邀請九位已歸國之交換學生進行訪談，而研究對象選定為國際扶輪3500地區（桃園市、新竹縣市、苗栗縣北部）所派遣出國的學生，研究結果如下：
一、交換學生之參與動機為「體驗不一樣的生活方式」、「接觸不同的文化」、「擴展國際人脈」、「探尋與展現不一樣的自己」。出發至國外前的阻礙則有「對於語言隔閡的不安感」、「交換地區選擇的難題」、「與熟識朋友的分離」、「擔任接待家庭的問題」。
二、交換學生海外學習過程中所面臨的衝擊與適應分為以下三個部分：
（一）生活方面：主要有「飲食習慣」、「生活習慣」、「價值觀念」、「語言溝通困難」、「鄉愁」的衝擊。而其適應的方法主要有「適時提出自己的想法，取得共識」、「敞開心胸，多多嘗試新鮮事物」、「多從日常生活學習」、「從興趣話題開始聊起」「多與接待家庭相處，不要太常和台灣家人聯繫」等。
（二）人際方面：包括「友善的人際互動」以及「不友善的人際互動」兩部分，友善的人際互動包括「交際禮儀的不同」、「尊重個人意願的態度」和「飽受關注與關懷」；不友善的人際互動包括「人際互動的氛圍的差異」、「人際互動的挫折感」以及「種族的刻板印象」。而其適應策略包括了「主動與人邀約，積極參與活動」、「結交不同的朋友」、「讓大家認識自己」等方法。
（三）學業方面：看到了與台灣截然不同的教育風氣與教育環境，多讓學生們感到衝擊，主要在於「不同學習風氣與氛圍」與「上課時間與課後時間的安排」的差異，也造成了交換生的一些不適應，如「繁雜學業影響人際的互動」、「語言上的隔閡影響了學習情況」等。其適應策略主要有「協調課程類型，藝能科為主」、「求助同學，並熟能生巧」、「多參加社團」。
三、海外學習經驗對於學習態度和視野見識的影響
海外學習經驗，並不只是一個單純的體驗活動，對於其後續的生活，是會有一定的影響。在學習態度與視野見識的成長與感觸上，包含了「個人能力提升」、「學習方法與態度的修正」、「勇於表達個人想法」、「拓展個人思考層面與視野」。
四、對於交換學生海外學習提供相關之建議
（一）交換學生方面：海外學習中應秉著主動積極的學習態度，自己對自己負責任並且與接待家庭保持友好關係；在行前準備工作時，建議參考他人之歸國報告以及上網收尋相關資料。
（二）扶輪社YEP計劃方面：適時調整對交換學生的規定、修正研習課程內容的安排。
（三）台灣接待家庭方面：將接待學生以自己的小孩看待、設法讓接待學生融入家庭、與接待學生充分溝通。
The purpose of this study is to research on abroad study experiments on Taiwanese youth exchange students who join the YEP program, in order to understand its process of adaption and the effect of abroad study experiments on exchange students.Finally, we aggregated the research results, and make appropriate recommendations to the relevant units. The study is qualitative research, and we had interviewed 9 exchange students who have been returned to Taiwan. The study object are the teenagers who had selected to go abroad by 3500 International Rotary Clubs such as Taoyuan City, Hsinchu County, Miaoli County. The research results are as follows : (1) the main motivation of students to participate in the exchange is “ to experience a different way of life” and “ expansion of international contacts”…etc. The concerns are “ language barrier for sense of unease” and “ separate with familiar friends before they leaving”. (2) exchange students have the culture shock and adjustment of life, interpersonal and study in their learning process. The host family, host Rotary Club and friends are positive, it quite helpful in the whole process of adjustment.(3) abroad study experiments is not just a simple activity, it will be a certain influence on their life. It including “upgrade the personal ability”, “learning method and attitude correction”, “courage to express personal thoughts” and “expand the level of personal reflection and vision” on learning attitude and the vision of growth and feelings.(4) to give the advice to abroad study, we will into three parts as the exchange student, Rotary YEP program and host family.
The purpose of this study is to research on abroad study experiments on Taiwanese youth exchange students who join the YEP program, in order to understand its process of adaption and the effect of abroad study experiments on exchange students.Finally, we aggregated the research results, and make appropriate recommendations to the relevant units. The study is qualitative research, and we had interviewed 9 exchange students who have been returned to Taiwan. The study object are the teenagers who had selected to go abroad by 3500 International Rotary Clubs such as Taoyuan City, Hsinchu County, Miaoli County. The research results are as follows : (1) the main motivation of students to participate in the exchange is “ to experience a different way of life” and “ expansion of international contacts”…etc. The concerns are “ language barrier for sense of unease” and “ separate with familiar friends before they leaving”. (2) exchange students have the culture shock and adjustment of life, interpersonal and study in their learning process. The host family, host Rotary Club and friends are positive, it quite helpful in the whole process of adjustment.(3) abroad study experiments is not just a simple activity, it will be a certain influence on their life. It including “upgrade the personal ability”, “learning method and attitude correction”, “courage to express personal thoughts” and “expand the level of personal reflection and vision” on learning attitude and the vision of growth and feelings.(4) to give the advice to abroad study, we will into three parts as the exchange student, Rotary YEP program and host family.
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Keywords
文化衝擊, 交換學生, 海外學習, YEP計畫, Culture shock, Exchange students, Abroad study, YEP program