女性運動員下肢不對稱對傷害風險之影響

Abstract

目的：本研究目的是透過Y字平衡測試 (YBT) 與單腳落下跳收取回復穩定時間參數 (TTS)、動態姿勢穩定指數 (DPSI) 與反應肌力指數 (RSI)，來評估女性運動員下肢不對稱性與在球季中發生下肢傷害的風險。方法：本研究招募50名大專女性運動員，在實驗開始前的半年內沒有嚴重的頭部、下肢傷害及手術經驗，且實驗開始前三個月，沒有受到急性的下肢傷害。於測驗結束後，對所有受試者持續追蹤一個賽季，並紀錄其受傷之情況。於追蹤期後，分為健康組與受傷組，進行兩組之間的分析比較。使用6台Motion analysis紅外線攝影機 (200 Hz)、1塊Kistler測力板 (1000 Hz) 收集生物力學參數。統計方法以獨立樣本t檢定比較健康組與受傷組在YBT、RSI、TTS與DPSI之間的差異，並以相依樣本t檢定比較受傷組健患側之差異 (α=.05)。傷害紀錄與不對稱性的參數進行勝算比 (odds ratio) 與邏輯迴歸 (Logistic Regression) 來檢定預測效果。結果：受傷組雙腳在TTS_V回復穩定時間皆顯著長於健康組 (p<.05)；受傷組的非慣用腳RSI顯著高於健康組 (p<.05)；受傷組在著地時的膝外翻角度與力矩顯著大於健康組 (p<.05)；受傷組的患側腳RSI顯著高於健側腳 (p<.05)。結論: 當RSI在季前達不對稱時，運動員在球季中的受傷風險相較於RSI對稱者增加了9.33倍。因此，RSI可以作為季前傷害預防的重要指標。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the Y-balance test (YBT), time to stabilization (TTS), dynamic postural stability index (DPSI), and reactive strength index (RSI) is its possible assessment the lower extremity asymmetry of female athletes and evaluate its relationship with injury risk in female athletes. Methods: Fifty female athletes recruited in this study. Throughout the competitive season for each sport, recorded injuries for all participants. Subject had no serious head and lower extremity injury or surgery within one year. Within 3 months before start to the experiment, subjects are without acute lower extremity injuries. There will be 6 Motion analysis cameras and 1 Kistler force platform used to collect kinematics and kinetics data for single leg drop jump landing. Independent t-test were used to compare the differences between the healthy group in different tests and used paired t-tests to compare differences in the healthy and affected sides of the injured group between different tests. Use odds ratio (OR), and logistic regression to determine sensitivity. Results: The stability time of the dominant and non-dominant side in TTS_V of the injured group was significantly longer than that of the healthy group (p<.05); the RSI of the non-dominant side of the injured group was significantly higher than the healthy group (p<.05); the injured group exhibited significantly greater knee valgus angle and moment at landing compared to the healthy group (p<.05) ; the RSI of the affected side was significantly higher than the healthy side (p<.05). Conclusion: When asymmetry in RSI is detected before the season, the risk of injury for athletes increases by 9.33 times compared to those with symmetrical RSI. Therefore, RSI asymmetry can be used as an important indicator for pre-season screening.