「以量取質」有助於提升洞察？改良設計思考訓練課程對學習者POV提案及創造力之提升效果

Abstract

本研究旨在探討設計思考訓練課程中，洞察觀點（point of view, POV）階段的「提示」，對於學生「POV提案品質」及創造力的影響。研究共分為兩階段：研究一為前導研究，採取不等組後測實驗設計，研究參與者為69名大學生（男生21人，佔30.43%），研究者於創造心理學課程招募自願之大學生參與者，隨機分配至「逐步多想」、「逐步」、「無提示」三種操弄情境，讓受試者撰寫關於設計對象問題的POV語句，接著以專家共識評量評定POV的語句獨創性。研究結果顯示：逐步、多想的操弄對大學生POV產出數、需求獨創性及洞見獨創性均未有顯著影響。研究二為正式研究，乃是準實驗研究，採取不等組前後測設計，研究參與者均為國中七、八年級學生（M = 12.95, SD = 0.12）共計48名（男30人，62.5%）。研究參與者依報名時間分配至「POV階段提示逐步多想」之實驗組（N = 18）及「POV階段無提示」之控制組（N = 30），均進行3小時的設計思考快速體驗課程，其中實驗組在POV發想階段，教師予以逐步區分思考步驟並提示盡可能多想點子。研究工具以「新編創造思考測驗」、「威廉斯創造傾向測驗」對參與者進行前後測，並以專家共識評量評定參與者於課程中產出的POV想法及設計作品創新性。研究結果發現，實驗組於POV發想時逐步提示多想策略，能提升參與者POV點子的「需求獨創性」、「洞見獨創性」。兩組學生創造思考、創造傾向沒有顯著差異，惟兩組學生均於課程之後提升創造思考、創造傾向。實驗組的設計作品驚奇性優於對照組，作品價值性、有用性則沒有差異。研究者依據上述結果提出研究結論，並針對未來研究與教學實務提出建議。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Point of View (POV) prompts on students' POV proposal quality and creativity in a design thinking training program. The study was divided into two phases: Study I was a pilot study with an unequal group post-test experimental design. 69 university students (21 males, 30.43%) were recruited to participate in a creative psychological course and randomly assigned to three manipulation situations: "progressive thinking," "progressive" and "no prompting." Then, the originality of the POV sentences was assessed by an expert consensus rating. The results of the study showed that the stepwise and multi-thought manipulation did not have a significant effect on the number of POVs produced, demand originality, nor insight originality of the university students.Study II was a formal study, a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design with unequal groups. 48 participants (30 males, 62.5%) were enrolled in 7th and 8th grade in junior high school (M = 12.95, SD = 0.12). Participants were assigned to the experimental group (N = 18) and the control group (N = 30) according to their enrollment time, and were given a three-hour Design Thinking Quick Experience session. The participants were pre-tested and post-tested with the New Creativity Test and the Williams Propensity to Create Test, and their POV ideas and design innovations were assessed by an expert consensus.The results of the study revealed that the experimental group was able to enhance the"demand originality" and "insight originality" of the participants' POV ideas by gradually prompting multiple thinking strategies during POV development. There was no significant difference in the creative thinking and creative tendency between the two groups, but both groups improved their creative thinking and creative tendency after the course. The experimental group's design works were more surprising than the control group, but there was no difference in the value and usefulness of the works. Based on these results, the researcher draws conclusions and makes suggestions for future research and teaching practice.