主要照顧者對幼童接受發展評估行為意圖及其相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在調查主要照顧者對接受發展評估之行為意圖現況，並探討其與社會人口學變項、發展遲緩認知與態度間的關係。以新北市深坑、石碇、坪林等三區0-3歲幼童之主要照顧者為對象，採方便取樣法選取樣本，再以結構式問卷為工具，共得有效樣本數247人，所得資料進行t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與複回歸分析。研究結果如下： 一、 研究對象之幼童發展遲緩認知在中上程度；且對幼童發展遲緩有正向態度；對幼童接受發展評估之行為意圖介於「同意」和「非常同意」之間。 二、 研究對象的幼童發展遲緩認知會因幼童年齡、照顧者年齡、教育程度、國籍、與幼童關係、家庭經濟及家庭結構而有差異。 三、 研究對象的幼童發展遲緩態度會因主要照顧者教育程度、國籍及家庭經濟而有差異。 四、 研究對象讓幼童接受發展評估行為意圖會因主要照顧者教育程度及家庭結構而有差異。 五、 研究對象的幼童發展遲緩認知、態度與讓幼童接受發展評估行為意圖兩兩間呈正相關。 六、 社會人口學變項及對幼童發展遲緩的認知與態度，可預測讓幼童接受發展評估之行為意圖，解釋變異量為35％，其中家庭結構、對幼童發展遲緩態度為重要預測因素。 本研究建議透過提升主要照顧者幼童發展遲緩的認知與建立正向態度，以強化讓幼童接受發展評估的行為意圖。

The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral intention of developmental assessment among primary caregivers, and the relationship among social demographic, knowledge, attitude and behavioral intention. By convenience sampling, 247 caregivers were selected from Shenkeng district, Shiding district and Pinglin district in New Taipei City. Data was analyzed with t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product- moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The knowledge of development delay among the subjects was above average. The attitude toward development delay was postive. The behavioral intention of development assessment among the subjects was between agree and very agree. 2. The subject’s development delay knowledge was significant difference with their young children age, caregiver age, educational level, nationality, relations with young children, family income and the family structure. 3. The subject’s development delay attitude was significant difference with their educational level, nationality and family income. 4. The subject’s behavioral intention of development assessment was significant difference with their educational level and the family structure. 5. The knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intention of development assessment were positively associated with each other. 6. Totally, 35% of the variance of behavioral intention of development assessment was explained by social demographic variables, knowledge and attitude of development delay. Family structure and attitude toward development delay were the two significant predictors. We suggest that enhancing knowledge of and positive attitude toward development delay among primary caregivers will help to strengthen their behavioral intention of development assessment.