高齡者焦慮與身體活動的關聯：代間依附、代間社會流動與人格特質的調節效果

Abstract

臺灣人口高齡化速度飛快，高齡族群的心理健康及身體健康為現今社會不容忽視的一環。維持身體健康最重要的根本即為執行「身體活動」，而現今社會最常面臨的心理健康問題為「焦慮」，故本研究擬將焦慮與身體活動作為本次探討的主要議題。影響焦慮與身體活動的因素，本研究將影響高齡者之因子分為內在因子及外在因子，內在因子為「人格特質」，外在因子為「代間依附」、「代間社會流動」，研究對象為65歲以上高齡者，利用生態瞬時評估法（EMA）連續十日紀錄高齡者焦慮及身體活動，結果發現高齡者焦慮對身體活動有負向關聯，代間依附會調節高齡者焦慮與身體活動的關聯，代間依附程度較高的高齡者，相較代間依附程度低的高齡者，在焦慮狀態提升時身體活動量下降；而焦慮狀態下降時身體活動量提升；代間社會流動會調節高齡者焦慮與身體活動的關聯，代間社會流動子女向上流動較多之高齡者，相較代間社會流動向上流動較少的高齡者，在焦慮狀態提升時身體活動量下降；而焦慮狀態下降時身體活動量提升，神經質人格會調節高齡者焦慮與身體活動的關聯，越傾向神經質人格之高齡者，相較不傾向神經質人格的高齡者，在焦慮狀態提升時身體活動量下降；而焦慮狀態下降時身體活動量提升。Taiwan's population is aging rapidly, and the mental and physical health of the elderly is one of the most important issues in today's society. The most important foundation for maintaining physical health is to perform "physical activity", and the most common mental health problem in today's society is "anxiety", so this study intended to take anxiety and physical activity as the main topics. In this study, the factors affecting the elderly are divided into internal factors and external factors. The internal factors were"personality traits", and the external factors were "intergenerational attachment" and "intergenerational social mobility". The research subjects were elderly people over 65 years old. The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to record the anxiety and physical activity of the elderly for ten consecutive days. It was found that the anxiety of the elderly was negatively correlated with physical activity. In relation to physical activity, seniors with higher intergenerational attachment had lower levels of physical activity when their anxiety state increased, compared with those with lower levels of intergenerational attachment; physical activity increased when anxiety decreased; intergenerational social mobility moderated the relationship between anxiety and physical activity in seniors. Elderly people with more upward mobility of intergenerational social mobility were more physically active when their anxiety state increased than those with less upward mobility. When the anxiety state decreased, the amount of physical activity increased, the neurotic personality were regulated the relationship between anxiety and physical activity. The older people who are more prone to neurotic personality, compared with the elderly who are not prone to neurotic personality, the amount of physical activity decreased when the anxiety state increased; Physical activity increased when anxiety decreased.