坪林金瓜寮溪生態旅遊環境識覺之研究

Abstract

生態旅遊向來被認為是可以兼顧旅遊、環境、社會發展的工具。坪林在北宜高速公路通車後，遊客人數大量減少，當地觀光產業發展面臨困境；此外，本地區位於翡翠水庫的水源特定區，不允許高強度的觀光活動發展，因此發展生態旅遊成了兼顧當地觀光發展和環境生態保護的利用模式之一。 坪林金瓜寮溪流域近年來被選定為生態旅遊、低碳旅遊示範區，吸引了不少的遊客造訪。遊客對旅遊地的態度、遊憩行為及居民對生態旅遊的參與態度均影響生態旅遊發展。因此，本研究以問卷調查、質性訪談及實地調查的方式，探討坪林鄉金瓜寮溪流域遊客與居民之環境識覺。 研究結果顯示，遊客以女性偏多，教育程度高，有著環境態度友善、旅遊行為良好的特質，多數遊客旅遊動機是以親近自然、放鬆心情為主，對於金瓜寮的自然景觀印象良好。一般遊客與低碳旅遊遊客的比較中，在環境識覺問項低碳旅遊遊客在解說教育及環境保護行為分數高於一般遊客。在未來發展認知問項，低碳旅遊遊客在導覽解說及茶業體驗的分數高於一般遊客。 旅遊活動對居民的衝擊分經濟、社會文化、環境、個人四個面向討論，影響居民參與旅遊活動的因素是外在環境、旅遊衝擊認知、居民屬性三方面交互作用所形成。對於金瓜寮未來旅遊方向，居民的共識是以當地環境保護為重。在管制措施方面，遊客與居民的配合意願不高，這是公部門需加強宣導的地方。本研究以遊客和居民的角度來看待生態旅遊活動，希冀作為相關經營者未來規劃之參考。

Ecotourism development are the merging the environmental conservation and development. The environmental conservation approach is by recognizing the right and influence of people in biological valuable areas, more attention to human and biological preferences. The development approach was link with the environment to generate economic profitability in term of businesses and employment opportunities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the tourist’s and resident’s environment perceptions toward ecotourism development in Pinglin Township. Questionnaire survey, interview and field survey are all used to obtain the comprehensive data about tourism impacts, attributes, and future visions of ecotourism development. Results ofthis research show that most of the ecotourists in Pinglin are women, highly-educated, environment friendly and well behavior of travel. Different visitor characteristics have significant impacts on their environment perceptions and visions toward future development. The tourism impacts on residents can be divided to four categories: economic, social cultural, environmental, and personal. In addition, the factors which influence local residents to participant in tourism operation are the external environment, the cognitive of tourism impact, and resident characteristics. Finally, most residents agree that environment protection is the most important issue concerned about ecotourism resources management in Pinglin Township.