新北市某高職學生體型意識與節食行為及其相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解高職學生背景變項、體型意識及節食行為間的關係。母群體為新北市某高職全體學生（不含體育班及特教班），採分層集束抽樣法，以自編結構式問卷為工具，共得有效問卷327份。本研究主要發現如下： 一、研究對象之體型適中者居多，有約三成的人屬過重或肥胖者，而過輕者約占一成多。研究對象之社會支持以家人支持度最高，而師長的支持度最低。研究對象受媒體的影響屬中低程度，其中以「明星身材」對其影響最大。 二、研究對象之整體體型意識為中等偏正向，但對自己體型偏不滿意，其中最不滿意的是腰腹部位，而下半身次之。研究結果顯示，男生比女生有較正向的體型意識，體型過輕者比過重及肥胖者有較正向的體型意識；另，研究對象受媒體影響愈大，其體型意識愈負向。 三、研究對象之節食行為並不嚴重，以省略一餐及限制食量的行為居多。研究結果顯示，女生、過重及肥胖者、研究對象受到的社會支持愈多、媒體影響愈大、體型意識愈負向者，愈容易出現節食行為。 四、研究對象背景變項及體型意識預測節食行為時，可解釋其總變異量的45.9%。主要預測變項為「肥胖體型」、「媒體影響」及「體型意識」，且以「體型意識」最具影響力。研究結果顯示，體型屬肥胖者、媒體影響愈大者、體型意識愈負向者，愈傾向有節食行為。This study aimed to explore the correlations of demography, body image and dieting behaviors among the senior vocational school students. The study population consisted of the students excluding sports classes and special education classes from one of the senior vocational schools in New Taipei City. The sample was generated using stratified cluster random sampling. Respondents were asked to complete a self-structured questionnaire, and a total number of 327 valid questionnaires were collected. The main results are as follows: 1.The body shape of most respondents was moderate, with approximately 30% of the respondents belong to overweight and obesity, and more than 10% of the respondents was underweight. The social support of respondents to the highest degree of family support, and teacher support was the lowest. The media affect to the respondents was medium-low level, which was most affected by acting star body shape. 2.The results indicated that overall body image of respondents was medium level tend to positive, but not satisfied with their own body, which was the most dissatisfied with the waist area, and under torso followed. The results showed that male students had a more positive body image than female students, underweight who had a more positive body image than overweight and obesity. The respondents by the media, the greater affect, the more negative body image. 3.The dieting behaviors of respondents was not serious, more for skipping meals and reducing food intake. The results showed that female students, overweight and obesity, the respondents by more social support, the more media affect, the more negative body image, the more prone to dieting behavior. 4.Personal background and body image can predict dieting behaviors which can explain 45.9% of the total variance. The main predictors were "obesity", "media affect" and "body image". Of then, the most predict variance was "body image". The results showed that obesity, the more media affect, the more negative body image, the more prone to dieting behavior.