中國歷史神話於塔羅牌之圖像脈絡研究以The Wisdom of Tao 為例

Abstract

塔羅牌是一組象徵與圖像，用來洞悉人們生活上發生的事故，找出各種生活問題的解決方案，它是西方世界透過圖像設計的創意發想，使其成為一種媒介用來解釋生活世界的原型架構及概念，其中的圖像更是關係塔羅牌的重要因素。本論文作者因緣際會接觸到「道家智慧塔羅牌」（The Wisdom of Tao），這是一幅藉由國畫藝術創作以中國「道家」神話人物及十二生肖為主軸架構蘊育出的塔羅牌。每張牌卡的圖像，其視覺意象比一般接觸的西方塔羅牌圖像更符合華人世界的塔羅問事占卜。在中國古代諸子百家中「道家」是重要的思想學派之一，以老、莊為主要代表人物。魏晉的「玄學」及宋明的，「理學」都融入了「道家思想」演進而出。在「佛教」來到中國時，就有受到「道家」的影響及老莊思想的啟發。本文探討的案例是以「道家智慧塔羅牌」為研究對象，這是以意境幽美的水墨國畫繪製「道家」歷史神話人物及十二生肖，用極具文化創意的圖像，完成了代表中國「道家」的塔羅牌。本文探究「道家智慧塔羅牌」的圖像脈絡所表徵的「視覺意象」與其「詮釋的意涵」，用來推測未來或探究人們在生活上面臨的變遷，以滿足人們問世的需求及解決疑難的方案；並將45張牌卡的圖像脈絡作分析整理區分為（1）內容依據（2）色彩對比（3）意識形態對比，期能藉由圖像脈絡所衍生的新思維，使中華歷史文化及藝術的視覺意象創作，能更加蓬勃發展。透過「道家塔羅牌」的演繹，除發揮寓教於樂的功能，更讓中華文化散播在全球的每個角落且發揚光大。Tarot is a set of symbols and images that are used to understand daily life happenings and to solve various everyday problems. To explain the prototype structure and the concept of the living world, the tarot image is an important factor of the tarot card. The author of this thesis is exposed to The Wisdom of Tao, which is a tarot card set inspired by Chinese Taoist mythology and the zodiac. Each card has a visual image that is more in line with the relevant questions of the Chinese world than the otherwise generalized Western tarot images. Taoism is a prominent school of thought in ancient Chinese philosophy, with Lao and Zhuang as the main representatives. The metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties are all integrated into the development of Taoism. When Buddhism was introduced to China, it was further influenced by Taoism and Taoist Lao Zhuang's thought. The case discussed in this paper is based on the Taoist Wisdom Tarot. This is a Taoist historical mythical figure and a 12-year-old zodiac created by the beautiful Chinese ink paintings. The tarot cards representing Chinese Taoists are completed with highly cultural and creative images. This article explores the "visual imagery" and the meaning of "interpretation" in the image of Taoist wisdom Tarot. It is used to speculate on the future or to explore the changes people face in life to meet the needs of the people and to solve their problems. The scheme of the 45 cards is analyzed, and the new ideas derived from the images promote and visually recreate the flourishing of Chinese history, culture, and art. Through the interpretation of "Tao Tarot", in addition to its teaching and learning, the Chinese culture spreads to every corner of the world and is carried forward into the future.