論中文「給」及其對普遍語法的蘊義

Abstract

本研究旨在探討中文的與格轉換和漢語中「給」字的語法。我們首先回顧一些關於雙賓句和與格句的重要文獻，然後提出我們對這兩種句型的句法分析。我們反對此兩種句型有句法上的衍生關係，並進一步主張論元層級和論元結構在句法上的對應是普遍原則而非不可違反的定則。此外，我們認為中文的「給」字經歷了語類轉換的過程，而這樣的語類轉換反映在它的句法表現上。「給」字的語法化現象與功能語法的研究和它的歷史演變相符。本研究也涵蓋了其他相關的議題，如「V-給」的構成及來源雙賓句。The present study investigates dative alternation and various uses of gei in Mandarin Chinese. We first examine previous studies on the syntactic properties of double object constructions and dative constructions, and then propose our analyses of these two constructions. Specifically, we argue against a syntactic derivational relation between them and further suggest that the linking between thematic hierarchy and argument structure is a general principle, rather than a rigid rule as claimed by Baker (1988) and Larson (1988). Furthermore, following Ting and Chang (2004), we suggest that gei in Mandarin has undergone categorial change and that such categorial change is witnessed through its versatile syntactic behavior. The grammaticalization path of gei in Mandarin conforms to the studies in functional grammar and the historical development of the verb. Other related issues, including the V-gei formation and source double object constructions, are also addressed in this thesis.