兩岸媽祖信仰文化圖文傳播之比較研究

Abstract

媽祖信仰起源於宋代，興盛於明清，最初以福建沿海區域的海神信仰，而後擴大至整個東南沿海地區。伴隨著媽祖信仰而產生，最初且最質樸的祈求神靈保佑以實現祛病消災、祈福遂願的目的而形成的一系列與媽祖有關的神話故事、祭奠儀式、廟會習俗、音樂舞蹈與飲食服飾的民俗文化被稱為媽祖文化。媽祖文化是一種民俗文化，主要以在地民間傳說、習俗、口頭文學為發源，逐漸形成了廟會文化、祭典節慶與民間藝術三大類民俗文化的表現。兩岸媽祖信仰雖然源於同枝，但在漫長的歲月發展中，兩岸的媽祖民俗文化與信仰產生了明顯的區別，顯現於兩岸主要媽祖信仰地的祭典形式內容之中。另外，現代祭典與古代祭典相比，其形式內容不僅限於對宗教信仰的認知，在表現形式方面也對媒體與現代傳播有所迎合與「妥協」，而產生不同的變化。 本研究透過文獻的整理與分析，搭配有關文本資料，首先對大陸湄洲媽祖祭典與相關活動中所蘊含的傳播現象和特質進行解釋；接下來將臺中大甲媽祖遶境巡遊之獨特的民俗藝術等一系列民俗行為、文化，與媽祖信仰源頭的湄洲島祖廟祭典中的圖文傳播現象，透過貝瑞德（G. Z. F. Bereday）四點比較法,對祭典儀式中與現代圖文傳播有關的內容進行比較，期望得出對兩岸媽祖信仰文化的異同之處，同時得到產生這些不同的原因。將分析結果用來進一步探討兩岸媽祖信仰的共通之處和相應的特色，以增進兩岸宗教交流與更深一層次的認識。 Mazu belief was originated in the Song dynasty, initially in coastal areas of Fujian province and was first a kind of sea belief and then expanded to the whole southeast coastal region. The Mazu folklore accompanied by Mazu belief was to pray and the most simple of god in order to realize the ease from the purpose of the disaster, blessing and buts, thus formed a series of related to Mazu myth, memorial ceremonies, temple fair customs, music, dancing, costumes, folk culture and diet. Mazu culture is a kind of folk culture, mainly in the folk legends, customs, oral literature as origin, gradually formed a temple fair culture, festival celebrations and the performance of the three categories of folk art folk culture. On both sides of the Mazu belief from with branches, but in the long years of developing, on both sides of the Mazu folklore culture and religion has a significant difference between the two, appeared in on both sides of the main belief of Mazu sacrifice ceremony form content, and its expression form and characteristics in graphic communication also varies greatly. Expectations first of all, through the literature collection and analysis of this study, with the text analysis, the mainland MeiZhou Mazu sacrifice ceremony and clothing, armor around environment and a series of image, the folk culture that Mazu belief outline of folk culture; Next to large type a Dajia Mazu cruising around the environment, and a series of unique folk art folk behavior, folk culture and Mazu belief, the source of Meizhou sacrifice ceremony , after comparing the graphic communication phenomenon for Taiwan Mazu folklore culture and art of the similarities and differences, as well as the reasons of the difference between the preliminary results to further discuss on both sides of the Mazu belief in common and corresponding characteristic, graphic communication and Mazu belief of Mazu culture's influence on the cultural communication.