音樂活動對自閉症兒童注意力行為影響之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在設計一系列增進自閉症兒童注意力行為之音樂課程，進行實驗教學，以瞭解音樂活動輔導之成效，進而提供未來特殊教育或自閉症兒童輔導之參考。本研究對象為三名台北縣某國小高功能自閉症的兒童，每人接受為期四週，每週三次，每次三十分鐘，共計十二次的音樂課程。 本研究採單一受試法之跨受試多基線設計，以「音樂活動」為自變項，「選擇性注意力」及「持續性注意力」為依變項。音樂活動進行中，以「選擇性注意力行為觀察記錄表」與「持續性注意力行為觀察記錄表」作為觀察記錄，活動結束後，研究者訪談受試者之師長，作為社會效度之佐證，為研究結果的支持與補充。 本研究結果發現，在「選擇性注意力」方面，音樂活動能有效減少自閉症兒童不專注行為的發生次數，亦即能提升自閉症兒童的選擇性注意力；在「持續性注意力」方面，音樂活動能提高自閉症兒童每次活動持續專注的平均時間；且受試者除了在音樂能力上有進步外，音樂活動也增進了受試者之口語、自信心，且減少干擾行為、增進學習意願。 本研究對未來特殊教育與學校輔導自閉症兒童方面的檢討建議，在教學方面提出應安排多元且符合學生興趣的教學活動、充實相關軟硬體設備、教師與受試學生需建立長久且良好的互動。此外，亦針對研究實施之內容、對象、研究應用等提出建議，以提供未來相關研究之參考。The purpose of this study is to apply music activities for autism students, in order to improve their attention behavior. Nine students, including three autism students and six students, were selected from a school in Taipei. Thirty-minute music session was given three times per week. The series of music activities lasted continually for six weeks. This study was conducted under the Multiple Baseline Across-Subjects Designs. “Selective Attention Observation Form” and “Sustained Attention Observation Form” were applied in this study. In addition, the data of “Social Validity Form” and observation on audio-video records were both collected as the data in this study. The study found that the cases significantly improved on their attention behavior. Many suggestions were given in this study : (1) teacher should arrange pluralism and according with student's interest；( 2 ) the school should substantiate the relevant software and hardware equipment；(3) teachers should try to making well-relationship with students. In addition, this study also gives many relevant suggestions for further research in the future.