華語初級成人漢字識字學習成效研究

Abstract

近年來由於華語學習的熱潮之興起，華語學習事業蓬勃發展。本研究旨在探討華語初級成人對漢字的學習困難、學習策略與學習成效的使用情形，及提高華語初級成人對漢字的學習動機，並將研究結果應用於華語教學中漢字教學之教學建議。本研究對十八位母語為拼音文字的初級成人漢語學習者進行十一週的漢字教學，並在教學前中後進行漢字能力立即測驗和延宕測驗。在學習前和學習後實施漢字學習動機的問卷和在學習後實施個別訪談。研究結果表示華語初級成人對漢字學習的困難依照程度分別是：同音字難以分辨、多音字難以分辨、字形記憶困難、字音記憶困難、筆畫書寫困難、和語義記憶困難；漢字學習策略使用情形依頻率高低分別是：重複認讀、重複抄寫、使用結構分析策略、使用圖畫聯想字義和使用部首聯想字義。研究結果顯示使用圖畫記憶策略和使用部件記憶策略的學習者者其學習策略與學習成效較高。另外，使用圖解識字法結合部件結構教學法融入初級成人的漢字教學能有效提高華語初級成人學習者對漢字的學習動機和學習成效。The purpose of this study was to explore the learners’ Chinese character learning difficulties, Chinese character learning strategies for the beginner learners who are non-native Chinese speakers, and the relationship between Chinese character learning strategies and Chinese character learning achieve-ment. The participants were 18 volunteers of Chinese beginners in USA. The participants took 11 weeks Chinese classes, and took the Chinese character tests in the beginning, midterm, and in the end of the classes. Before the class, the participants took the survey of Chinese character learning motivation. After the class, the participants took the surveys of Chinese character learning moti-vation, Chinese character learning difficulties, and Chinese character learning strategies. Also, the participants were interviewed individually to discuss about the Chinese character learning motivation, learning difficulties, and learning strategies.The result shows that to distinguish homophone, polyphone, to memorize word fonts, to memorize word sound, to write Chinese characters, and to memorize word meaning are difficult for beginner Chinese learners. The most useful learning strategies are repeating read, repeating writing, using picture association, and analyzing word structure and radical. Besides, the picture association teaching method is helpful for improving beginner learn-ers’ Chinese character learning motivation and learning achievement.