低氧運動訓練對中年肥胖上班族血脂與心肺適能之影響
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2011
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Abstract
本研究目的以人工低氧艙介入運動訓練，探討不同氧氣濃度對中年肥胖上班族群身體活動訓練對血脂代謝、心肺適能及生活品質促進效果。方法：以30歲以上65歲以下無規律運動習慣、BMI大於25以上或體脂率大於30％以上之受試者共30名（年齡：38.9±9.2歲，身高：163.2±8.4公分，體重：68.1±15.2公斤）。將通過篩選條件受試者平均分成氧氣相對濃度16％組、氧氣相對濃度14％組。以個人50%最大攝氧量強度進行每週三次，每次50分鐘共計16週之跑步機快走運動（4週常氧適應期、8週低氧訓練期、4週常氧追蹤期）。於訓練前、訓練期第4、8、12、16週，檢測身體組成、心肺適能、總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白以及生活品質之影響，以混合設計二因子共變數分析各階段數據變化。結果：體重與體脂率組間無顯著差異，體脂率16%組於第8週顯著低於訓練前 (p<.05, 30.45±6.72 vs. 31.87±6.91 %)，14%組於第12週時顯著低於訓練前 (p<.05, 27.59±6.69 vs. 28.85±7.25%）。整體膽固醇在第12週比第4週顯著下降，但第16週顯著遞增 (p<.05，平均數差異=－13.50, －8.71）。三酸甘油酯整體無顯著差異，僅16%組於第12週顯著低於訓練前 (p＜.05, 79.58±29.69vs. 91.25±32.73 mg/dL)。16%組LDL於低氧訓練期（第12週、第8週）顯著低於第4週 (p＜.05,118.75±26.09,120.33±27.75vs. 133.17±20.23 umol/L)，常氧追蹤期結束則無顯著差異。生活品質量表生理健康層面訓練前兩組無顯著差異，訓練後14%組得分比16%組佳（p<.05，76.37±9.17 vs. 65.91±12.20分），組內前後並無顯著差異。心理健康層面訓練前16%組低於14%組（p＜.05，46.21±12.28 vs. 58.01±13.23分），但訓練後兩組並無顯著差異。組內比較，14%組無顯著差異，但16%訓練後比訓練前佳（p＜.05，61.74±16.33 vs. 46.21±12.28分）。心肺適能AT值訓練前14%優於16%組 (p＜.05, 26.00±8.11vs. 20.50±6.17 ml/kg/min)，經低氧訓練期後兩組無顯著差異 (p>.05, 32.50±7.34vs. 29.00±8.72 ml/kg/min) 結論：低氧運動訓練對中年肥胖上班族可促進血脂代謝，降低總膽固醇與低密度脂蛋白並增進心肺適能，各指標比較以14%氧氣濃度有較佳之效果。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined 16 week exercise intervention and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) by using artificial hypoxic chamber on lipid metabolism, cardiopulmonary fitness and quality of life in middle-aged obese adults. Methods: Thirty obese (BMI >25 or body fat percentage >30%) subjects(38.9±9.2years old, 163.2±8.4cm, 68.1±15.2kg) were recruited and randomly assigned into two exercise groups ( exercise with environment oxygen concentrations of 16% and 14%, respectively) and underwent16weeks of IHT program, including 4weeks of exercise of normoxia, 8weeks of IHT, and 4 weeks of follow-up period. Exercise protocol consisted of 10 minutes warm-up, 30 minutes brisk walking on treadmill at 50%VO2max, and 10 minutes cool-down, 3 times a week. Cardiopulmonary fitness, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) data were collected at pre-training, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA with mixed design was used for statistics. Results: weight and %body fat did not show significant difference between groups; however, %body fat of 16%O2 group significantly decreased in 8th week compared with that of pre-training (p<.05, 30.45±6.72 vs. 31.87±6.91%), whereas %body fat of 14%O2 group in 12th week was significantly lower than pre-training (p<.05, 27.59±6.69 vs. 28.85±7.25%). Taken two groups together, cholesterol in 12th week was significantly lower than that of the 4th week; however, it returned to the baseline and even higher in 16th week (p<.05, mean differences= -13.50,-8.71 mg/dL). There was no between-group difference in TG response at different time points. Only TG of 12th week was significantly lowerthan that of pre-training in 16% O2 group (p＜.05, 79.58±29.69vs. 91.25±32.73 mg/dL). After hypoxic training, LDL of 16% group showed significant improvement from 8th week to 12th week, compared with 4th week (p<.05,118.75±26.09,120.33±27.75vs. 133.17±20.23 umol/L). In Quality of Life, score of 14% O2 group was better than 16% O2 group (p<.05，76.37±9.17 vs. 65.91±12.20 pts) in physiological aspect, however, there was not difference between pre- and post-training within groups. For psychological aspect, 16%O2 group showed lower score before IHT (p<.05，46.21±12.28 vs. 58.01±13.23 pts); however, there was no difference between two groups after IHT. For within group comparisons, there was also no difference between pre- and post-IHT in 14%group, but there was a significant improvement in 16% O2 group (p<.05;1.74±16.33 vs. 46.21±12.28 pts). Baseline AT of 14%O2 was significantly higher than that of 16% (p<.05, 26.00±8.11vs. 20.50±6.17 ml/kg/min); however, there was no significant difference in improvements after IHT between groups (p>.05, 32.50±7.34vs. 29.00±8.72 ml/kg/min). Conclusions: IHT training program could improve blood lipids metabolism for obese adults of middle-age, especially in total cholesterol and LDL. Cardiopulmonary fitness and quality of life were also improved after training.From our findings, we suggested that IHT training by using 14% O2 relative oxygen concentration can exert better physiological and metabolic benefits than using 16%.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined 16 week exercise intervention and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) by using artificial hypoxic chamber on lipid metabolism, cardiopulmonary fitness and quality of life in middle-aged obese adults. Methods: Thirty obese (BMI >25 or body fat percentage >30%) subjects(38.9±9.2years old, 163.2±8.4cm, 68.1±15.2kg) were recruited and randomly assigned into two exercise groups ( exercise with environment oxygen concentrations of 16% and 14%, respectively) and underwent16weeks of IHT program, including 4weeks of exercise of normoxia, 8weeks of IHT, and 4 weeks of follow-up period. Exercise protocol consisted of 10 minutes warm-up, 30 minutes brisk walking on treadmill at 50%VO2max, and 10 minutes cool-down, 3 times a week. Cardiopulmonary fitness, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) data were collected at pre-training, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA with mixed design was used for statistics. Results: weight and %body fat did not show significant difference between groups; however, %body fat of 16%O2 group significantly decreased in 8th week compared with that of pre-training (p<.05, 30.45±6.72 vs. 31.87±6.91%), whereas %body fat of 14%O2 group in 12th week was significantly lower than pre-training (p<.05, 27.59±6.69 vs. 28.85±7.25%). Taken two groups together, cholesterol in 12th week was significantly lower than that of the 4th week; however, it returned to the baseline and even higher in 16th week (p<.05, mean differences= -13.50,-8.71 mg/dL). There was no between-group difference in TG response at different time points. Only TG of 12th week was significantly lowerthan that of pre-training in 16% O2 group (p＜.05, 79.58±29.69vs. 91.25±32.73 mg/dL). After hypoxic training, LDL of 16% group showed significant improvement from 8th week to 12th week, compared with 4th week (p<.05,118.75±26.09,120.33±27.75vs. 133.17±20.23 umol/L). In Quality of Life, score of 14% O2 group was better than 16% O2 group (p<.05，76.37±9.17 vs. 65.91±12.20 pts) in physiological aspect, however, there was not difference between pre- and post-training within groups. For psychological aspect, 16%O2 group showed lower score before IHT (p<.05，46.21±12.28 vs. 58.01±13.23 pts); however, there was no difference between two groups after IHT. For within group comparisons, there was also no difference between pre- and post-IHT in 14%group, but there was a significant improvement in 16% O2 group (p<.05;1.74±16.33 vs. 46.21±12.28 pts). Baseline AT of 14%O2 was significantly higher than that of 16% (p<.05, 26.00±8.11vs. 20.50±6.17 ml/kg/min); however, there was no significant difference in improvements after IHT between groups (p>.05, 32.50±7.34vs. 29.00±8.72 ml/kg/min). Conclusions: IHT training program could improve blood lipids metabolism for obese adults of middle-age, especially in total cholesterol and LDL. Cardiopulmonary fitness and quality of life were also improved after training.From our findings, we suggested that IHT training by using 14% O2 relative oxygen concentration can exert better physiological and metabolic benefits than using 16%.
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間歇低氧訓練, 膽固醇, 低密度脂蛋白, 世界衛生組織生活品質問卷, Intermittent hypoxic training, cholesterol, LDL, WHOQOL-BREF