以自我決定理論探討雙北市智能障礙者的工作動機

Abstract

本研究以Deci與Ryan（1985）提出的自我決定理論為基礎，目的在於瞭解智能障礙者的工作動機之現況，以及在不同的個人變項、就業變項和心理需求之智能障礙者於研究變項中的差異或相關情形，進而探索可預測工作動機的心理需求向度；本研究採用問卷調查法，以臺北市、新北市的智能障礙者為研究對象，共計回收有效問卷共計137份。所蒐集之資料運用描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析及多元迴歸分析進行資料處理。研究主要發現如下： 一、聯繫感是智能障礙者滿足程度最高的心理需求。 二、認同整合調節是智能障礙者最同意的工作動機類型。 三、性別、障礙程度、學歷程度、父母職業水準和家庭經濟狀況等個人變項在工作動機的各向度皆未存在明顯差異。 四、是否有實習經驗、職業訓練經驗、職業輔導評量、工作經驗、工作穩定度和不同的勞動條件等就業變項對於工作動機未有明顯差異。然在工作意願、是否在職及喜歡目前工作的程度對於工作動機部分向度有顯著差異。 五、心理需求中，勝任感與聯繫感可正向預測工作動機，且以勝任感的預測力較大。 六、在各種變項對於外在調節皆未達顯著。

This study aimed to (1)investigate the work motivation of people with intellectual disabilities, and to (2)understand the impact of their individual backgrounds, employment backgrounds, and basic psychological needs on their work motivation. The data, 137 valid questionnaires filled out by people with intellectual disabilities in Taipei, were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression. The results showed that: 1. The need of relatedness was the most influential factor of work motivation; 2. People with intellectual disabilities agreed the most that the work motivation was from (identified and integrated regulation); 3. There were no significant differences among work motivation and the five variables, gender, disability degree, education degree, parent's occupation, and home economic status; 4. There were no significant differences among work motivation and the variables of practical training, career training , career counseling evaluation, work experience, job stability, and different labor conditions; while there were significant differences among work motivation of and the variables of the willingness of work, employment status, and preference degree of current job; 5. The needs for competence and relatedness could positive predict work motivation. The need for competence was more significant than the need for relatedness; and 6. There were no significant differences of the variable of external regulation.