以社會企業模式活化歷史建築之探究-以香港美荷樓為例

Abstract

歷史建築再利用以成為了歷史建築保存的積極策略，而再利用為青年旅舍的形式仍未被台灣所採行，目前自2000年以來的新興歷史建築再利用模式為餐飲的空間，這樣的空間形式的確有符合目前的觀光以及美食的品味潮流，而同理可證，歷史建築於青年旅舍這樣的住宿空間，於國外已行之有年，這樣的再利用形式不但提供了古蹟與歷史建築新生，同樣的因為這樣結合了歷史文化、生活空間、及旅行的要素，其創造了新的文化創意模式以及消費，同樣的因為以社會企業的模式營運，其所帶來的是，帶動原來落沒的歷史街區以及創造新的就業機會，而於台灣將會是一個全新的挑戰，故本研究選擇以香港的美荷樓更新個案作為研究對象，探討其在香港推動歷史夥伴計畫政策下，如何透過社會企業的方式，將原本位於沒落的街區的歷史建築活化，並進一步分析有關社會企業應用在閒置空間再利用之做法與可行性。 在研究方法上，本研究屬於質性研究中的個案研究法，採用文獻探討、文件分析、深度訪談以及參與觀察等研究工具進行操作，研究範圍則是從西元2009年香港青年旅舍協會開始參與歷史夥伴計畫至2013年，並且仍在進行，探討包括香港政府部門、青年旅舍協會及社區民眾的參與計畫歷程與情形。本研究首先分別針對台灣歷史建築再利用文獻進行回顧，以強化研究完整性並形成研究問題，經由實地參與觀察、相關資料分析，以及安排相關計畫參與人士的深度訪談，多重蒐集證據來源並相互驗證，將資料加以探討、歸納後產生結論與相關建議。 本研究經由個案檢證香港歷史建築再利用以青年旅舍形式的歷程，並以社會企業形式模式經營，並且透過美荷樓在地社區歷史文物館的方式結合許多新的經營方法，這樣的形式於香港運行之現行狀況為何，並經過研究後探討兩國雖然法律不同，但是否有共通或是能互相學習以及進步的空間，希望以香港美荷樓歷史建築的經驗，為將來在台灣歷史建築甚或是閒置空間議題方面提供不同的創意。

The reuse of historical building has become a positive practice in recent years. To reuse the historical buildings as youth hostel is still a new option for Taiwan. For now the new type of historical building reuse is restaurant, which provide new combining culture, sightseeing, and increasing profit. As the same reason that reusing in youth hostel way are also combining culture, travel, living spaces, and also profitable, and it is already running more than 50 years in Europe or Japan. This research was based on the theory of historical building reuse in youth hostel. The Mei Ho historical building in Hong Kong was selected as a case study sample to explore how to transform the historical building into youth hostel and museum space through social enterprise with historical building partnership plan promoted by Hong Kong goverment. This research went a step further to figure out is there any possible to revitalizing historical building in youth hostel way in Taiwan. This research was focused on case study based on qualitative analysis. Literature review, depth interview and participant observation were adapted as research instrument. The research scope was from 2008, when the Hong Kong Youth Hostel Association started to participate revitalizing historic buildings through partnership scheme to run the Mei Ho building and focus on the process of public sector, nonprofit organization and local residences. Firstly, this research reviewed the literature of historic building reuse and the current revitalizing status in Hong Kong and Taiwan , to enhence the research and to form the research questions. Then, with the fieldwork, observation, data analysis, and depth interview of stakeholder were employed to examine the multi-collected evidence for exploring, and creating conclusion and recommendation. The Hong Kong Mei Ho building revitalizing in youth hostel way is new combination, it takes 3 years to become the place into unique cultural landmarks, and the main objectives is to active public participation in the conservation of historical buildings and create job opportunities, use the social enterprise concept and reach the “all-wins” situation. And provide a clear, positive and practicable pathway for Taiwan.