台北都會區都市人口變遷之研究

Abstract

台北市為台灣政治、經濟、人口的核心都市，然透過各項交通建設的興建，強化台北市與鄰近市鎮的互動，因此單以台北市來看其人口變遷狀況略嫌不足，故本文以台北都會區為研究範圍，且以「里」為單位進行資料分析單元，較以往以鄉鎮市區為研究單位更能了解探討自台北市升格為直轄市後，其人口空間變遷狀況。 首先建立1966-2008年台北都會區內各村里人口屬性資料庫，再者，數化其早年具村里界的行政區圖以建立村里空間資料庫，最後藉由地理資訊系統的整合以進行鄉鎮市區人口成長率、村里人口規模及村里人口密度等空間分析與繪製人口密度迴歸圖、人口密度等值線圖等空間統計分析，了解歷年來台北都會區人口空間變遷狀況。 故所得研究結果為:1、台北都會區居民居住型態由「首要型」轉為「中地階層式」發展，驗證Friedman『核心-邊陲』模式所言，大都會區都市-工業擴張，使都市成長並影響周圍地區。2、人口密度的空間分布，符合「離市中心愈遠，人口密度愈低」的理論，但卻不似歐美那樣出現郊區人口密度高於市中心、市中心空洞化的現象。3、台北都會區人口空間變遷為，1989年前，以淡水河起點之板橋市江子翠附近為主，特別是右岸的台北市等人口聚集區，而後都會發展逐漸向其中、上游擴展；1990年時，以河岸附近呈圓形都市發展型態；1998年後，人口以淡水河為軸心往東北方、北北西側、西南方發展，呈現三角形的擴展型態。4、其都市人口空間擴展特色為呈帶狀、走廊帶空間分布，缺乏可辨識的邊界，屬多核心且以交通運輸為主的都市。

The Taipei City is the core city of politics, economy, and population in Taiwan. However, it is not sufficient to observe its population change trend by the fact that its interactions with nearby townships are intensified by transportation constructions. The thesis employs Taipei metropolitan area as the study scope and village as the analysis unit, which gives us a better insight into the population spatial change after the upgrade of the Taipei City to a municipality than the previous studies based on townships.

At first, a village population attribution database in Taipei metropolitan area between 1966-2008 is established. Secondly, I digitize digitization the administration districts map with village borders in the early years in order to build a village spatial database. Lastly, with the help of GIS, I analyze townships population growth rate, village population magnitude and its population density. Spatial statistical analysis like population density regression and density contour are drew to understand the population change in Taipei metropolitan area in these years.

Following are the conclusions: 1.The living pattern of metropolitan area’s inhabitants has developed from “primatecity” to “central place hierarchy” which justifies Friedman’s “core-periphery model” that “metropolitan city-industrial expansion” makes city grow and influence the neighboring area. 2.The spatial distribution of population density is in accordance with the theory that the further from the city center, the lower the population density. But the phenomena occurred in Europe and America that the population density is higher in the suburbs than in city center, which makes it hollow out, is not observed here. 3.The population spatial change of Taipei metropolitan area is that: (a)Before 1989 the starting point of Danshiu River- Jiangzicui of Banciao Cicy- was the center, especially the highly populated areas like Taipei City on the right bank. Then the metropolitan area gradually expanded toward the midstream and upstream。 (b)In 1990 a round-shaped development pattern occurred nearby the riverbanks. (c)After 1998 the population expanded to Northeast, North North-West, and Southwest, with Danshiu River as its axis, which presented a triangle pattern of development. (d)The feature of the population expansion is that it distributes along a corridor space without a recognizable border. And it belongs to a multi-core, transportation-oriented city.