論〈國風〉中之禮俗及教化思想—結合〈詩論〉、〈性情論〉等楚簡資料之探討

Abstract

鄭玄以「禮」箋《詩》，為《詩》三百之詮釋，立下相當重要之詮釋方法與進路。 然而自歐陽修首先提出「鄭氏長於禮學，其以禮家之說曲為附會。」之批評，姚際恆則 激烈地指出「人謂鄭康成長於《禮》，《詩》非其所長，多以『三禮』釋《詩》，故不 得《詩》之意。予謂康成《詩》固非長，《禮》亦何長之有！茍使真長於《禮》，必不 以《禮》釋《詩》矣。」姚氏以《詩》與《禮》毫不相聯繫，乃嚴重悖離事實。 因此本研究選取與社會生活最密切之十五〈國風〉為素材，透過具體材料之分析， 呈現其中豐富之禮俗內容及蘊藏之禮教思想。本研究計畫在緒論之外，還包含兩大部 分：其一，分論部分，就各〈風〉之內容，分別從偏重禮俗現象或者禮教思想之兩大方 向，將十五〈國風〉按照地域文化之近似性，將其區分為七大部分，分部具體分析每一 首詩的內容與「禮」之關聯，呈顯詩教與禮教的一體兩面性。其二，總論「風」教意義 之變化，一本「詩言志」之基本立場，回歸「禮始於人情而終於道義」之根本原理，先 探源「風」之本義，再對照禮書、其他傳世文獻，並結合以〈詩論〉與〈性情論〉為主 的戰國簡文資料，同時參照《詩序》所載，考量地理環境、社會經濟以及政治狀況等因 素，系統理解風與人情、人欲、民情風俗之關係，進而建立自先秦至兩漢期間通神明、 立人倫、正情性、節萬事，以禮化民成俗之詩教觀念。然後，藉由宋、清五位學者對於 《詩序》之關鍵性看法，探究何謂合於時宜的現代詩教觀，且進而呈顯文學與經學不相 悖離之生活特性。

Thun-shyang explained 「Tze-Classic」with ritual concept and system which was famous in scholar area. Thun-shyang had built up an important method for explaining and exploring approach about 「Tze-Classic」. Before Sou Dynasty，there was without argument about Thun-shyang』s opinion. First of all, O-iangshou thought that Thun-shyang had blurred the concept between 「Tze-Classic」and ritual scripture. Then, Yeau-gihung strongly thought Thun-shyan was inferior both in 「Tze-Classic」and ritual scripture. Unfortunately, Yeau-gihung had made a serious mistake. This project wants to express the concept of ritual- custom and culture which is hidden in Guofun（國風）.It is owing that Guofun（國風）closely nears to people』s ordinary life, then 「Tze-Classic」and ritual scripture can not be separated alone. This project includes following parts: This project wants to express the concept of ritual- custom and culture which is hidden in Guofun（國風）.It is owing that Guofun（國風）closely nears to people』s ordinary life, then 「Tze-Classic」and ritual scripture can not be separated alone. This project includes following parts: 1. To make sure that 「Tze-Classic」and the concept of ritual scripture can not be separated alone. 2. Base on the opinion of 「The poetry expresses one』s will.」then, literature could not be separated from 「Tze-Classic」too. 3. CombineWith 「Tzelun」（詩論）and 「Xingchinglun」（性情論），additionally with ritual-custom and culture scripture, some ancient classics and otherWarring States slips, the concept of Ritual- could be built up. 4. To trace back to the original meaning of Guofun（國風），then goes successively 「Tzelun」（詩論）and 「Xingchinglun」（性情論），throughout the discussion about 「Tzeshe」（詩序）of five scholars, we should built up a suitable concept of Ritual-Teaching in this modern times.