十週足球運動介入對5-6歲學齡前幼兒執行功能之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討十週足球運動介入對5至6歲學齡前幼兒執行功能之影響。研究採準實驗設計，以18名公立幼兒園大班幼兒為對象，實施每週兩次、每次約40分鐘之足球課程，共十週。透過Go/No-Go任務、Corsi區塊廣度測驗與向度改變卡片分類測驗(DCCS)，評估抑制控制、工作記憶與認知彈性，並搭配《繁體中文兒童執行功能量表》(TC-CHEXI)進行前後測。結果顯示，三項執行功能皆有顯著進步。Go/No-Go任務中反應時間縮短且正確抑制次數提升(p= .013)，Corsi測驗記憶廣度增加(p= .027)，DCCS任務反應時間與錯誤率下降，分類準確性提升(p= .006至p< .001)，形狀分類正確與錯誤次數皆有顯著差異(p= .016)。量表結果亦顯示抑制控制(p = .034)及工作記憶(p= .002)改善。研究結果證實，結構化足球課程能有效促進幼兒抑制控制、工作記憶與認知彈性之發展，具實務應用價值。

This study examined the effects of a 10-week football intervention on executive function in preschool children aged 5 to 6 years. A quasi-experimental design involved 18 senior kindergarten children from a public preschool who participated in structured football sessions twice a week, 40 minutes each, for ten weeks. Inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were assessed using the Go/No-Go task, Corsi Block Tapping Test, and Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), with parent-reported data from the Taiwanese Traditional Chinese Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (TC-CHEXI). Significant improvements were observed across all domains. In the Go/No-Go task, response time decreased and correct inhibitions increased (p= .013). Memory span improved in the Corsi test (p= .027). DCCS results showed reduced response time and error rates, and improved classification accuracy (p= .006 to p< .001), with significant differences in correct and error responses in shape sorting (p= .016). The TC-CHEXI also showed improvements in inhibitory control (p= .034) and working memory (p= .002). These findings confirm that structured football programs can effectively enhance inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in preschool children, with practical implications for early childhood education.