資訊圖表運用於遭受轟炸時緊急避難指引之創作研究

Abstract

在兩岸關係持續緊張的當下，戰爭風險已從假設走向可能。若臺海爆發軍事衝突，最易造成大規模平民傷亡的攻擊手段將是飛彈與戰機所發動的空襲。面對此種高強度打擊，民眾如何在第一時間迅速辨識逃生資訊並採取行動，成為攸關生死的課題。雖現行緊急避難包多數已涵蓋基本生存物資，惟絕大部分設計針對天然災害情境。對於「黑暗、煙霧、斷電」等戰爭環境所造成的視覺限制，仍缺乏對應的資訊傳達設計機制。因此，本研究嘗試結合資訊圖表具備的圖像化優勢與色彩視認特性，建構一套專為遭受轟炸時逃難情境所設計的視覺指引系統。研究以「雙因子實驗設計」為方法基礎，設計三種不同配色（單色黑白、黑黃警示、紫綠互補）的資訊圖表，分別在三種模擬照度條件（0、1、30 lux）下進行主觀評量。共計 20 位具正常視力之 18–60 歲受試者參與實驗，依李克特七點量表評估圖表之醒目度、閱讀難易度（正向設計）與美觀度。實驗結果顯示，黑黃警示配色於三種照度下在三項評量指標上皆顯著優於另兩組，且表現具穩定性。研究並輔以九位受試者之前測進行敏感度分析，排除照度呈現順序可能導致的學習偏差。最終設計成果包含三類資訊圖表：一為《緊急避難包使用與收納指引》，供民眾隨緊急避難包配戴與快速取用；二為《戰爭逃難步驟圖解》，除了供民眾隨緊急避難包配戴外，也可張貼於社區、捷運等公共場所；三為《防空避難疏散地圖》，幫助民眾在戰爭等災害尚未發生前，透過此地圖事先規劃前往防空避難處所的緊急避難路線。透過本研究，期待能有效提升遭受轟炸時緊急避難資訊的視覺可讀性與傳遞效率，進而增強民眾在空襲發生時的自救應變能力與存活機率。As cross-strait tensions continue to rise, the risk of war has shifted from hypothetical to possible. In the event of a military conflict in the Taiwan Strait, aerial bombardments by missiles and fighter jets would be the most likely cause of mass civilian casualties. Faced with such high-intensity strikes, the ability of citizens to quickly identify escape information and take immediate action becomes a matter of life and death. Although most existing emergency evacuation kits cover basic survival supplies, the vast majority are designed for natural disaster scenarios. They lack a corresponding information communication design mechanism for the visual limitations imposed by wartime environments, such as"darkness, smoke, and power outages." Therefore, this study attempts to combine the graphical advantages and color recognition properties of infographics to construct a visual guidance system specifically designed for evacuation scenarios during bombardments. Based on a "two-way experimental design," the research developed infographics in three different color schemes (monochrome black and white, black-yellow warning, and purple-green complementary), which were then subjectively evaluated underthree simulated illuminance conditions (0, 1, and 30 lux). A total of 20 participants aged 18–60 with normal vision participated in the experiment, evaluating the infographics' saliency, ease of reading (positively framed), and aesthetic appeal using a seven-point Likert scale. The experimental results show that the black-yellow warning color scheme was significantly superior to the other two groups on all three evaluation metrics under all three illuminance conditions, demonstrating stable performance. The study was supplemented by a pilot test with nine participants for sensitivity analysis to rule out potential learning biases caused by the presentation order of the illuminance conditions.The final design outputs include three types of infographics: first, the Emergency Evacuation Kit Use and Packing Guide, for citizens to carry with their kits for quick access; second, the Wartime Escape Procedure Infographic, which can also be carried or posted in public spaces like communities and metro stations; and third, the Air Defense Shelter Evacuation Map, designed to help citizens plan their emergency evacuation routes to shelters before a war or disaster occurs. Through this research, it is hoped to effectively improve the visual readability and transmission efficiency of emergency evacuation information during bombardments, thereby enhancing the public's self-rescue capabilities and chances of survival in the event of an air raid.