中高級華文班基礎翻譯課之教學設計

Abstract

聽、說、讀、寫、譯是掌握外語的五種技能。但一般華語課程多數只注重聽、說、讀、寫四技並進，唯獨「譯」的技能被忽略。當然華語學習者在學習初始階段應該注重聽說讀寫四種技能，但在學習有一定基礎後，中高級階段應該注意翻譯技能的掌握，除了可提升華語能力外，更為自己日後的專業能力加分。 本論文旨在針對學習華語中高級學生，設計一套基礎翻譯課程，目的是藉由介紹與討論翻譯相關知識、方法與技巧，再利用翻譯習作來增進學習者的華語能力。 本論文首先審視國內外語言教學相關研究與運用心得，包括翻譯在外語教學上之地位與爭議以及翻譯在華語教學之研究。其次探討翻譯課在華語教學之現況及教材。並比較了兩班翻譯課的教學情形，以做為教學設計之參考。此外，依據學生需求分析的結果，明瞭華語學習者大多對翻譯課具有濃厚的興趣，但由於教學單位此類課程的缺乏或覺得上課情況不符理想，事實上他們對翻譯課的需求經常無法得到滿足。基於前述原因，筆者遵循教學設計的模式作各方面的考量，據以建立華語教學翻譯課之教學準則。另規劃一學期包括十二個單元的課程大綱及其中一個單元之教學實施範例，冀能做為日後完整翻譯課程設計規劃之雛型。 經由文獻探討、教學與教材分析、需求分析、課程大綱與範例的設計，本研究得出以下結論：第一，只要善用對比分析和溝通式教學活動，翻譯課有助於華語教學。第二，基於翻譯課程對華語教學的效益，再加上學習者的需求，開設翻譯課實有其必要性。第三，因為課程的專門性，需要更進一步培訓翻譯課師資與編寫合適的教材。Listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation are the five skills needed to master a foreign language. However, currently in the field of TCSL, the training of translation skills is largely ignored, while most attention is paid to the trainings of the so-called “four skills”, namely, listening, speaking, reading and writing. Of course, it is generally agreed that a beginner learner should focus on the development of his “four skills; however, it is suggested in this paper that the more advanced learners should also develop their translation skills. This will not only enhance their language abilities; learners taking translation classes also can view it as one of their expertise.

This paper aims to develop a curriculum that will help develop the translation capability of the intermediate or even more advanced learners. While introducing to learners the theories, methods and skills related to translation, this curriculum will also improve learners’ language abilities through a series of hands-on trainings.

This paper first examines the researches and samples of applications related to the teaching of translation from both at home and abroad. Specifically, the status and disputes surrounding the training of translation skills in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL) are discussed. This paper then surveys the current situation and materials available for developing translation skills in TCSL. It is found that despite the proliferation of translation classes in China-classes are conducted in various languages including Japanese, Korean and English-materials catering to the needs of TCSL are relatively few. Therefore, development of teaching materials is a must. To this aim, this paper describes and weighs on the cons and pros of two translation classes, hoping to map out some guidelines for material development.

According to the needs analysis, it is clear that most learners are very interested in and are eager to take a translation class. However, their needs very often are not satisfied, due to the fact that most classes available now are less than satisfactory. Based on the findings, this paper tries to take into consideration all the guidelines of curriculum design, aiming to set up a model of translation classes for TCSL.

Finally, a curriculum consisted of 12 units and one sample is included in this paper to demonstrate an ideal model for the development of materials in the future.