中年高膽固醇血症婦女自我照顧行為之相關因素探討-以臺北市文山區為例

Abstract

本論文研究目的在探討台北市文山區中年高膽固醇血症婦女疾病知識、健康信念及自我效能對自我照顧行為的影響。以該中心社區篩檢40-64歲中年婦女為研究樣本，共得有效樣本195人。主要結果如下： 一、研究對象對高膽固醇血症疾病知識認知，整體而言偏高；健康信念中以自覺行動利益性認知最強，而自覺行動障礙的感受偏低，表示健康信念有助於執行自我照顧行動；自我效能中，對「飲食控制」方面最具信心，而執行「規律運動」最無把握；自我照顧行為以「飲食控制行為」最佳，其次為「規律運動行為」，而「定期追蹤監測行為」最差。 二、研究對象基本資料與疾病知識的關係顯示研究所、專科大學以上教育程度的疾病知識優於小學；與健康信念的關係，則皆無顯著差異；與自我效能關係發現年齡及體型對運動自我效能、職業及體型對飲食自我效能及家族史對定期追蹤監測自我效能的影響有顯著差異；與自我照顧行為關係則顯示50歲以上者或無職業者，規律運動行為愈好；有個人病史者執行定期追蹤監測行為較好。 三、疾病知識與規律運動行為及定期追蹤監測行為有正相關；「自 覺行動障礙性認知」與「規律運動行為」、「飲食控制行為」「定 期追蹤監測行為」皆呈現顯著負相關；自我效能對自我照行為的 影響皆呈現顯著正相關。 四、自我效能是自我照顧行為的最佳預測因子。The purpose of this study is to discuss the influence of illness acknowledge, health belief, and self-efficacy on self-care behaviors for mid-age Hypercholesterodemia women, forty to sixty-four years old, in Wen-Shan district. Based on the community screening samples of three hundred mid-age women, one hundred and ninety-five purposive samples are being used by structural questionnaire. The main results are as follows:

1. Firstly, the study objects, substantially, have competent knowledge of Hypercholesterodemia. In addition, from the perspectives of health belief for study objects, the perceived benefits of taking actions are accepted best. It is revealed that self-care behavior is more likely to be taken by health belief than the perceived barriers. Secondly, in self-efficacy, it is showed that study objects have the most confidence in diet controlling and the least in regular exercise. Finally, the self-care behavior incline to positive for study objects. Among it, the best is diet controlling, the second is regular exercise, and the least is regular follow-up and monitoring condition. 2. Firstly, study objects with university, graduated or above degree have more knowledge of illness than those with elementary degree. However, there are no significant differences between the relationship of personal basic data and health belief. Secondly, the self-efficacy on exercise, diet, and regular follow-up and monitoring behaior are severely influenced by age, occupation condition, and family illness history. Lastly, study objects with more than fifty years old or no occupation have better regular exercise, and with personal illness history have better follow-up and monitoring behavior. 3. There is a positive correlation among illness knowledge, regular exercise, and regular follow-up and monitoring behavior. However, the relation among the perceived barriers of taking actions and regular exercise, diet controlling, and regular follow-up and monitoring behavior is negative correlation. Finally, the self efficacy has significant positive-correlation influences on self -care behavior. 4. Self efficacy is the best predicting factor to self- care behavior. Key Words: Hypercholesterolemia, illness acknowledge, health belief, self-efficacy, self-care behavior