某公司員工之COVID-19防疫行為現況及相關因素研究—健康信念模式為例

Abstract

本研究應用健康信念模式來探討位於臺灣北部某公司員工之COVID-19防疫行為現況及相關影響因素，以立意抽樣法進行網路問卷調查，最終回收問卷共計384份。本研究方法採用獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析以及多元階層回歸分析來瞭解研究對象之社會人口學變項、COVID-19健康信念與防疫行為之間的關係。本研究結果發現，研究對象之防疫行為表現處於良好的水準，介於總是及經常採取防疫行為，且COVID-19健康信念各構面得分皆在中上程度。獨立樣本t檢定、ANOVA結果指出，研究對象不因社會人口學的不同而有不一樣的防疫行為。皮爾森積差相關分析指出，研究對象的防疫行為與自覺罹患性、自覺嚴重性、自覺行動利益、行動線索、防疫行為之自我效能呈顯著正相關，與自覺行動障礙呈顯著負相關。多元階層回歸分析結果顯示，社會人口學變項及COVID-19健康信念可共同解釋防疫行為78.4％。防疫行為之自我效能、行動線索、自覺行動障礙以及自覺罹患性皆是防疫行為之顯著預測變項，其中，防疫行為之自我效能擁有最強的預測力。This research applies Health belief model to explore the prevention behavior of COVID-19 and related factors of employees of a company in Taiwan north area. An online questionnaire conducted by the purposive sampling, and a total of 384 questionnaires were finally received. Statistical analysis were performed using Independent Sample test, ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple hierarchical regression to realize the relationship of participants’ sociodemographic variable, COVID-19 health belief and prevention behaviors.The results showed that most participants’ prevention behaviors were at an good level, they often or always performed the prevention behaviors, and COVID-19 health belief construct was also showed a middle-high level. The result of the Independent Sample test and ANOVA revealed that there was no significant different between sociodemographic and prevention behaviors. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation revealed that participants’ Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Seriousness, Perceived Benefits, cues to action, prevention behaviors’ self-efficacy was positively associated with prevention behaviors, while Perceived Barries was negatively associated with prevention behaviors. Multiple hierarchical regression indicated that sociodemographic variable and COVID-19 health belief could together explain prevention behaviors about 78.4%. Prevention behaviors’ self-efficacy, cues to action, Perceived Barries and Perceived Susceptibility were significant predictors of prevention behaviors, and prevention behaviors’ self-efficacy was the strongest predictors.