世界文化遺產鼓浪嶼音樂文化的傳承與創新之探討

Abstract

19世紀中期，清政府與英國簽訂《南京條約》，廈門成為五個通商口岸之一，各國相繼在鼓浪嶼建立領事館，後鼓浪嶼淪為租界，歸國華僑及傳教士湧入鼓浪嶼。西方音樂文化以宗教音樂的形式進入鼓浪嶼，透過教會、學校等途徑進行傳播，屬於鼓浪嶼音樂文化生活就此拉開序幕。迫於島上的土地資源壓力，醫院、學校等設施外遷，不便的生活導致島上原有的高素質原住民人口數量驟減。同時，老齡化的問題隨之而來，曾經家家戶戶有琴聲的盛況似乎一去不復返。當前，屬於鼓浪嶼的各類文化基於上述各類原因正在處於逐漸消亡與各界人士努力拯救的拉鋸戰中，音樂文化屬於當前亟需進行傳承與創新的一大內容之一。研究者在對本議題的研究中以鼓浪嶼的音樂文化及音樂旅遊這一以在地的音樂資源為基礎，結合旅遊文化而出現的產物對鼓浪嶼音樂文化的傳承與發展進行了探討。在未來，研究者希望鼓浪嶼基於當前自身存在的問題進行音樂文化標誌的建立；對於人口的控制與流動進行進一步的完善，鼓勵音樂產業人才登島、留島；營造良好的音樂文化氛圍，進行商業與音樂的有機結合。論文是以質性研究的方式進行，通過文獻分析、深入訪談等方法。搜集世界遺產、藝術、遺產活化、音樂旅遊等方面的相關文獻、案例及研究，針對研究對象加以瞭解。再通過深入訪談，對鼓浪嶼的音樂文化發展歷程進行梳理，探究在世界遺產中，以音樂旅遊作為其遺產活化的可行性，及其產生的效益與影響。本研究以鼓浪嶼音樂文化的傳承與發展作為研究的出發點，尋求如何運用其本身的優勢作為活化區域的方式，期望給其他面臨著同樣問題的世界遺產提供參考。In the mid-19th century, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Nanjing with the United Kingdom, and Xiamen became one of the five trading ports. Various countries established consulates on Kulangsu one after another. Later, Kulangsu became a concession, and returned overseas Chinese and missionaries poured into Kulangsu. Western music culture entered Kulangsu in the form of religious music and was spread through churches, schools and other channels. This is the beginning of the musical and cultural life of Kulangsu. Due to the pressure on land resources on the island, hospitals, schools and other facilities have been relocated. The inconvenient life has led to a sharp decline in the original high-quality indigenous population on the island. At the same time, the problem of aging has followed, and the once grand occasion of having the sound of the piano in every household seems to be gone forever. Currently, various cultures belonging to Kulangsu Island are in a tug-of-war between gradual extinction and the efforts of people from all walks of life to save them due to the above-mentioned reasons. Music culture is one of the major contents that urgently need to be inherited and innovated. In the study of this topic, the researcher discussed the inheritance and development of Kulangsu's music culture based on Kulangsu's music culture and music tourism, which are products based on local music resources and combined with tourism culture. In the future, researchers hope that Kulangsu will establish a musical cultural symbol based on its current problems; further improve population control and mobility, encourage music industry talents to land and stay on the island; create a good music cultural atmosphere and conduct business Organic combination with music. The paper is conducted in the form of qualitative research, through document analysis, in-depth interviews and other methods. Collect relevant documents, cases and studies on world heritage, art, heritage revitalization, music tourism, etc. to understand the research objects. Through in-depth interviews, the development history of Kulangsu's music culture was sorted out, and the feasibility of using music tourism as a heritage revitalization among world heritage sites was explored, as well as the benefits and impact it would produce. This study takes the inheritance and development of Kulangsu's music culture as the starting point of the study, seeking how to use its own advantages as a way to activate the area, hoping to provide reference for other world heritage sites facing the same problems.